Computer Concepts Module 6-10

Module 6 ➢ CRT monitors are considered dangerous due to the amount of lead they contain. ➢ Places you can recycle electronics include: ○ Device manufacturers ○ Community recycling centers ○ Some hardware and electronics stores ➢ Benefits of donating computer equipment include: ○ Extending the useful life of the device ○ Helping someone who can't afford a new device ○ Keeping e-waste out of landfills ○ Avoiding having the device waste space in your home/office ➢ Proper physical alignment by using the right chair and aids is an ergonomic guideline to technology use ➢ irritability when offline / sleep deprivation are signs of excessive Internet use. ➢ Utility software is not a malware and not harmful to your computer. ➢ Address spoofing makes an address appear legitimate by masking its true destination ➢ An access control defines who can access a network or device, when they can access it, and what actions they can take. ➢ Brownouts can damage components over time. ➢ Some tracking devices include an alarm that sounds if the device moves out of range. ➢ Sideloading is the act of installing apps from somewhere other than your device's app store ➢ Biometric input uses a person’s unique physical characteristics or behavior to verify their identity ➢ A plug-in enables a browser to play or display certain multimedia files ➢ Script kiddies are attackers who want to attack computers but lack the knowledge needed to do so. ➢ A worm is a malicious program that uses a computer network to replicate. ➢ A spike is a very short duration of a voltage increase that can be absorbed by a surge protector. ➢ When creating a strong password length is the most important element. ➢ Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) Personal encrypts wireless data transmissions and limits who can access the Wi-Fi network. ➢ Encryption is the process of "scrambling" information in such a way that it cannot be read unless the user possesses the "key." Module 7 ➢ We can modify the style and appearance of text in a drawing program by using typography tools ➢ File Format- describes the way data is represented and structured for storage ➢ Native File Format- The originating format of files created in an app ➢ Proprietary File Format- Can only be opened by the app that created it ➢ Resolution- A measure of the clarity or quality of a bitmapimage ➢ The more Pixel Per Inch (PPI)- in a digital image the more pixels or bits of information per inch are being used creating the image ➢ Compression reduces the size of the file by converting the data to take up less space while containing as much information as possible ➢ Game titles are NOT usually compatible with all console systems ➢ Handheld game consoles usually consist of ○ 3- to 5-inch screen ○ Buttons and other controls ➢ Frame Rate- The speed per second at which frames are displayed ➢ Animation is the technique that creates the illusion of motion ➢ Hover animations signal that an element is interactive ➢ Icon- A graphic, or small image, representing shortcuts to a program, file, or hardware device ➢ A button is also a graphic that you click to issue a specific command ➢ On a desktop OS, you typically double click an icon to open an app ➢ Computed Aided Design (CAD) allows engineers, architects and designers to create highly detailed technical drawings ➢ Streaming sends media from an internet server to your device, where its stored temporarily in a buffer until there's enough data for playback to begin ➢ Downloading copies the entire media file from the server to your device. Cannot be viewed till the complete file has arrived. ➢ Storing and decoding data so it can play is called buffering ➢ In general, logos and text are best created as vector graphics ➢ Synthesized music is sound that is electronically generated ➢ Midi Files- Instruction for generating sounds with attributes including pitch, volume, and note deviation ➢ To create Midi Files- Digital Audio Workstation (DAW)- A hardware device, software application, or combination of the two for recording, storing, and transmitting files ➢ Sequencer- stores and repeats a rhythm track or melody ➢ Phoneme- individual sound units ➢ Processing- preliminary processing to improve output ➢ Format- an e;electronically generated phenome ➢ Optical Image Stabilization- Camera feature that physically adjust the lens to counteract movement ➢ Audio Capture & Editing Software lets you record edit and share digital audio files ➢ Popular sound file formats include: ○ Mp3, ○ WAV MODULE 8 ➢ Restricted sites- Sites that are not indexed by standard search engines like Google and Bing ➢ Standard search engine spiders are typically unable to index databases of unlinked content and sites that require user login ➢ Software Privacy- The illegal copying, distribution, and use of copyrighted digital content ➢ Keygen- A program that software manufacturers use to generate legitimate product keys, registration number, or activation codes ➢ Pirated software: ○ Is illegal ○ It violates the terms of a license agreement ○ It could potentially contain malware ➢ Preinstalled software typically includes: ○ System software ○ Trial versions of apps ○ Games ➢ Causes of software crashes can include ○ Incompatibility with system updates ○ Corrupted program files ○ Malware ➢ Standard Retail Software (AKA Commercial Software/ Proprietary Software) ➢ Shareware (Trialware- Software offered at no cost for a trial period, so you can decide whether you want to purchase it or not. ➢ Freeware- Copyrighted software provided for free ➢ Freemium- programs provided at no cost, but charge a < premium= for additional features and services ➢ Open Source Software- Provided for use, modification, and redistribution ➢ Public Domain Software- Donated for free public use with no copyright restrictions ➢ Integrated Development Environment (IDE)- Collection of tools designed for specific programming languages and computing platforms ➢ License Agreement- Legal contract, which grants you the right to use software ➢ Software License- Legal contract, which grants you the right to use the program on a certain number of devices ➢ Multiple-user License Agreement- Purchased by organizations and schools to let many people use software ➢ Single- or End-user License Agreement- Grants one person to use software ➢ Acceptance of license agreement typically allows you to: ○ Make a copy of the program as a backup ○ Use on a specified amount of devices ○ Donate or sell as long a its removed from your computer ➢ Intellectual Property- legal term for ownership of intangible assets like art, music, movies, ideas, and software ➢ A software license agreement typically does not allow you to: ○ Upload a program to a file-sharing site ○ Sell copies while you continue using the software ➢ Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)- Type of programming organized around a system of objects rather than a list of computational steps ➢ Object- An item that can contain both data and the procedures that read or manipulate it ➢ Class- Defines the format of the object and the actions it can perform ➢ Object-oriented programming requires more setup time than procedural programming ➢ A firewall monitors network traffic and allows only authorized access ➢ Syntax- The rules that cover how to construct statements in a programming language ➢ Software Development Methodology- A framework that helps developers design, write, and test new software ➢ A copyright is an originator's exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, or sell intellectual property ➢ Freeware refers to a program that is copyrighted and provided at no cost, but the developer retains all rights to the product. ➢ A patch is an upgrade that addresses a single issue. ➢ Preinstalled programs and apps may be included as part of a marketing agreement between the device's manufacturer and a software development company. ➢ If you made an update that seems to have caused issues the troubleshooting tool, Restorer, would be used ➢ An EULA grants permission for one installation. ➢ In OOP, a class defines the format of an object and the actions the object can perform. ➢ Firewall software creates a personal security zone around your computer or device ➢ UX refers to the focus on the user's reaction and interaction to a product, including its efficiency, effectiveness, and ease of use. ➢ The feasibility study takes place during the analysis phase of the SDLC. ➢ Ruby and SQL are examples of 4GL. ➢ In order to run a program's source code, it must be translated into machine language. Module 9 ➢ HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)- Specifies the structure of elements within a webpage, including headings, paragraphs, images,audio, video, and links ➢ HTML Elements- Determines a documents structure and are usually comprised of an opening and closing tag ➢ Content Management System (CMS)- App or service that offers graphical interface for creating and editing websites ➢ heading of browser ➢ Managing disk space affects storage and performance ➢ Virtual memory allows an operating system to use temporary space on a hard disk as a form of simulated RAM ➢ Maintain Free space- good rule of thumb: ○ Keep 15% free on a Magnetic Hard disk ○ Keep 25% free space on a Solid state drive ➢ An operating system uses available storage space on a startup drive for: ○ Storing programs ○ Virtual memory ○ Storing apps ➢ Top Level Domain (TLD)- The domain extension such as .com or .edu that identifies a category for the site ➢ Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)- made it easier for organizations, companies, and governments to apply for TLDS; that reflect their name, location or purpose etc… ○ .aero, .biz, .coop, .info, ○ .museum, .name, .pro ➢ Graphical User Interface (GUI)- Lets you use menus and clickable buttons or icons to perform tasks ➢ Natural User Interface (NUI)- lets you interact with a computer using ordinary, intuitive behavior; such as touch and voice ➢ In a word processor, a template is a predesigned document you can customize ➢ A sponsored top-level domain include a strict requirements for get sites can use it ➢ After creating a webpage with HTML code, you need to publish it to a web server so that others can access it on the Internet? ➢ Even though website builders have predesigned templates, it is helpful to have knowledge of coding languages to give you finer control over the content ➢ If HTML is used to specify the content of the webpage, you use CSS to define the page layout ➢ JavaScript likely controls something like a slideshow on a webpage? ➢ When you are shopping online and finalizing your order, you usually fill in forms for your name, address, email, and payment method. Sometimes those forms have an asterisk (*) next to them as required fields. Code in which of the following languages can check to make sure all required fields are completed? JavaScript ➢ A company learn when it needs to increase its bandwidth for its website by studying website analytics ➢ When using a content management system (CMS), you allow multiple individuals to work on a website at the same time without worrying they will override or duplicate work because a CMS allows you to set roles for each person granting responsibility for certain webpages. ➢ Responsive Design: Pages automatically adjust the size of their content to display appropriately relative to the size of the screen. ➢ A heading on a web page is created using HTML ➢ Domain registrar: A website where you can go to purchase a name for your website. ➢ WordPress is a popular, user friendly CMS often used as a blogging platform ➢ Hosts web pages is NOT a feature of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) ➢ XML provides a way to classify data and share it between applications. ➢ A historical facts page would most likely be a static website ➢ FTP client is helpful, because It uploads files from your computer to a web server. Module 10 ➢ A network interface card sends data between a computer and the network ➢ Hub: Broadcasts all network data to all devices its connected to ➢ Router: Controls the flow of data within the network, acts as a gateway, and connects networked devices to the internet ➢ A switch sends data only to the intended device ➢ A router has the function of directing that data intended to reach a specific location along the right path ➢ Network architecture ○ Two common ones are client server and peer-to-peer ➢ The term < network architecture= refers to the structural configuration of a network ➢ Each computer or device on a network is called a node ➢ B.A.N (Body area network)- Connects sensor devices thata re attached to or implanted in the body ➢ A self-distributing program that seeks out security vulnerabilities is called a worm ➢ Speed data transer and security are the primary advantages wired networks over wireless networks ➢ Malware exploits are delivery methods that take advantage of security flaws ➢ Exploits: ○ Display unwanted pop up ds ○ Erase hard drives ○ Encrypt data and demand a ransom for the encryption key ○ Upload or download files ○ Record keystrokes to steal passwords and credit card numbers ○ Forward themselves on to everyone in a victim’s email contact list ○ Disable security software ○ Block access to sites or redirect to infected sites ○ Take remote control of a device, creating a < zombie= ○ Link devices to others in a botnet, often to wage denial of service attacks against websites ➢ 3 types of private networks: Intranets, Extranets, VPNS ➢ Internet- hosts a public website with information about locations, available books, and special events ➢ Intranet- private network for internal members or employees ➢ Extranet- A private network for stakeholders other than internal employees ➢ VPN (Virtual Private Network)- A private, secure connection for mobile users ➢ A VPN allows a mobile user to connect securely over the internet ➢ ISPs- Throttling data means network resources remain available to others ○ Throtttling– The practice of reducing speeds of certain high-data users at peak hours ➢ Net neutrality is the concept that one website has the same value or priority as any other website ➢ Incoming rules control which programs and services on the network are allowed to acces your device ➢ Encryption does not allow authorized users to access the network ➢ A cellular standard is a set of technical specifications for one type of cellular transmissions