University:
High School
Course:
High School Chemistry
Academic year:

2023
Views:

183

Pages:

12
Author:

Camilla Bass

BIOCHEMISTRY the chemistry of Life Chemistry Review • Atom: smallest unit of matter • Example: Carbon atom • Element: substance made of 1 type of atom • Molecule: 2 or more atoms bonded together • Example: CO2 • Macromolecule: Large molecule made of many smaller parts • Example: DNA Macromolecules 4 macromolecules are essential to life: 1. 2. 3. 4. Carbohydrates (CHO) Lipids (CHO) Proteins (CHNOPS) Nucleic Acids (CHNOP) Most common elements in these macromolecules are: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen Macromolecules are Polymers made of Monomers Monomer  one building block Polymer  large molecule made of many monomers Monomers Carbohydrates  single sugar [monosaccharide] Lipids  glycerol + fatty acids Proteins  amino acids Nucleic acids  nucleotides Functions Carbohydrates  energy Lipids  stores energy, waterproofing Proteins  structure, speed up reactions, many Nucleic acids  stores genetic code Types Carbohydrates  sugars, glycogen (animals), starches (plants), cellulose (plants) Lipids  fats, oils, phospholipids, waxes, steroids Proteins  skin, muscle, enzymes, hormones Nucleic acids  DNA & RNA POLYMER MONOMER CARBOHYDRATES Monosaccharide PROTEINS Amino Acids LIPIDS Glycerol + fatty Acids NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleotides (sugars, glycogen, starches, cellulose) (hormones, enzymes, skin, muscle, etc) (fats, oils, waxes, steroids) (DNA, RNA) All 4 macromolecules are built by dehydration synthesis reactions monomers BOND and 1 H2O is removed Lipid Example 3 Fatty acids bond and 3 H2Os are removed to form a TRIGLYCERIDE (animal fat) All macromolecules are broken apart by HYDROLYSIS reactions polymer is broken into monomers by adding H2O

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