English Renaissance: Highlights and Monarchs

- English Renaissance Notes Renaissance = meaning rebirth - Rebirth of Classic Greek and Rome - Arts and Science - Humanism: belief that church should only rule spiritual, not civic or scientific matters. People control their own destinies - Church seen as important but not the center of their lives (only for spiritual life) - Start of Universities - Humanities based curriculum (history, geography, poetry, modern lang - Printing press - Movable type, rediscovered manuscripts, and science and philosophy of ancient Greece and Rome - books more available due to mass printing - Standardization of English - Changed spelling - Gave the idea of Renaissance man: a person of board education and interest w/ great curiosity - To be talented in many spectrums - Exploration - Columbus to the Americas/Roanoke Colonies (New World - 1492) - Newfoundland - Protestant Reformation - questioning their belief (Catholic Church and interpreting that Bible - 1517 - Martin Luther nailing list of grievances to the church door (Ninety-five Thesies) - Led to wars/persecution of Catholics and Protestants - Germany - Lutherans - Switzerland - Calvinism - Scotland - Presbyterians - England - Anglicans/Puritans - English Royal Family (The Tudors) - King Henry the 8th - 1st wife - Catherine of Aragon - Spanish princess - Couldn’t produce a son (multiple miscarriages and had a daughter); led to divorce - Seen as queen to some even after divorce - Act of Supremacy 1534 - King breaks away from the Church due to wanting a different wife - - - - believed that the Pope shouldn’t be in charge of England (only the king) - Led to new Church of England (Anglican Church) - Seized Catholic church’s property and kept money for himself and friends - King married 6x - 2 daughters: Mary 1 and Elizabeth I (The Virgin Queen) - Anne Boloyn - 2nd wife - Had a stillborn baby - led to her beheading - Jane Seymour - 3rd wife - “Quiet and sweet” - Dies due to child bed fever - Anne of Cleves - Germanic - 4th wife - Married by proxy (married before meeting) - Marriage ended to due to Anne looking unattractive - Kathryn Howard - 5th wife - “Dumb blonde”; seventeen - Has an affair; led to imprisonment and beheading - Katherine Karr - widow - 6th wife - Out lives King Henry - Served role of taking care of him at old age - After Henry death - 9 yrs old son Edward becomes king - Very sickly; died at age 12 Protestants attempt to take throne after Henry/Edward’s death - Lady Jane Grey queen for 9 days - Lots of fighting - Jane imprisoned in Tower and beheaded by Mary Princess Mary I (Spanish Catholic) - Only surviving child of the King - To return the country to Catholicism - Married her cousin (Phillip II of Spain) - Enraged people due to hatred towards Catholics and Spanish - Orderd the execution of nearly 300 Protestants (“Bloody Mary”) - Never had a child Elizabeth I - took throne after Mary’s death - Anne Boloyn daughter - Looked similar to father - Intelligent in governing - Well educated and became strong supporter of the arts (Elizabethan) - - - - - Choose never to marry (Virgin Queen) Golden Age - Reestablished by Queen Elizabeth I - Religious moderation - To establish Protestant, believing it was politically correct for England but also allow the practice of Catholicism - Fought against domination from the French and Spanish (defeated the Armada = Francis Drake a pirate) Elizabethan Poetry and drama - Birth of lyric poems - Song-like qualities - Sonnets - Often written about and for the queen The Arts Flourished - Shakespeare creating a new art form, the elizabethan Sonnet - Drama becomes major form of entertainment - Ex - Live plays New Dynasty - The Stuarts - Elizabeth named Scotland’s king, James to be her successor - James I - Protestant and a supporter of the arrs - Had the Bible rewritten to fit a non-Catholic point of view (language of the people)