Teacher’s Guide Anatomy of the Constitution Time Needed: One class period Materials Needed: Student worksheets Copy Instructions: Preamble Activity Half Sheet (class set, divided) Student packet (three pages double-sided; Learning Objectives. Students will be able to: explain the structure, function, and powers of the U.S. government as established in the Constitution identify the roles of the three branches of government describe the constitutional amendment process interpret the intentions of the Preamble of the Constitution. class set) Preamble (Transparency) Whose Job Is It? (Transparency) Foldable Activity (class set) STEP BY STEP 1) ANTICIPATE by asking students where the government gets it’s instructions. How does Congress, the President, or federal judges know what to do? Give students a moment to think, then randomly call on students to share their thoughts. 2) DISTRIBUTE one reading packet to each student. 3) READ through the first two paragraphs on page one with the class. 4) DISPLAY the transparency, Breaking it Down: The Preamble and explain the statement, phrase by phrase. The students should add the annotations to their reading. Also note that people living in the 1700s had different rules about capitalization than we do today. 5) READ the rest of page one, continuing through page three with the class. Explain that you will go into greater detail on the amendment process on the next page. 6) READ the information about the amendment process on page four and take the students through the various paths to the addition of an amendment to the Constitution. 7) DISTRIBUTE the tent foldable activity page and show the class how to fold it correctly. 8) PROJECT the 9) ASK students to show the correct branch on their tent and note the correct answer on the projection. If you see areas of confusion, stop and clarify as needed. Whose Job Is It ? Active Review Transparency, revealing one at a time. 10) ASSIGN the review pages to be completed. Go over answers if needed. 11) CLOSE by asking students to silently recall one purpose of the U.S. government, based on the Preamble. Call on students until all 6 goals discussed in the lesson have been named- without looking at the packet. Anatomy of the Constitution We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Anatomy of the Constitution We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Anatomy of the Constitution We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Anatomy of the Constitution How Do They Govern? The U.S. Constitution is the document that creates our nation’s government. The contents of the Constitution create the three branches of our government and give directions for how the federal government works. (It does this with a little over 4,500 words covering only four sheets of paper!) Although the Constitution was written over 220 years ago, it still guides our officials in running our country today. It is also the oldest written constitution in the world that is still in use. The Constitution on display at the National Archives in Washington, DC. Introducing… The Preamble the We le Peop Our Constitution is divided into nine parts. The first paragraph is called the Preamble . Its job is to introduce the Constitution, explain what the Constitution is meant to do, and describe the purpose of the new government. Creating Congress: Article I Article I is the first and longest part of the Constitution. It creates the legislative branch of our government. Legislative means law-making. This section is the longest because the people who wrote the Constitution believed that a legislative branch is very important in a government that represents the citizens. Members of the legislature , or law-making body, are responsible for turning citizens’ wants and needs into laws. Represent Me! The legislative branch makes our government a representative democracy. In a representative democracy , citizens elect people to represent their needs and concerns in government. Article I creates a legislature called Congress and divides it into two parts: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Article I describes how Congress should be organized, tells what qualifications legislators much have, and says how often Congress should hold elections and meet as a group. It also describes other details of operation that each house of Congress gets to decide for itself. You must be at least 30 years old, been a U.S. citizen for at least 9 years, and live in the state you represent 2 senators per state = 100 total You must be at least 25 years old, been a U.S. citizen for at least 7 years, and live in the state you represent. Number per state depends on population = 435 total (in 2011) the interests of the citizens in the entire state for 6 years per term. the interests of the citizens who live in the district they represent within the state for 2 years per term. The Senate acts as a court during impeachments. All bills that raise money must start in the House of Representatives. A bill must be approved by BOTH houses of Congress before it can go to the President to become a law. Anatomy of the Constitution Name: The Powers of Congress Article II lists the powers Congress has. Even though Congress is a law-making body, it is not allowed to make laws about anything that’s not on this list: Collect taxes Give patents to new inventions Borrow money and pay debts Create the lower federal courts Make rules for how to become a citizen Punish pirates Regulate commerce (trade) with other nations, between the states, and with Indian tribes Declare war and support an army and navy Coin money and punish counterfeiters Make any other laws that are “necessary and proper” to carry out the powers in this list. Establish post offices Creating the President: Article II Article II of the Constitution describes the job of the executive branch. This branch executes , or carries out, laws. The president heads this branch, which also includes the vice president and many departments in charge of carrying out the government’s day-to-day business. Article II describes who qualifies to be the president, what powers the office has, and what happens if a president misbehaves! It also explains the Electoral College, which is the process of how the president is selected. Presidential Powers The overall job of the executive branch is to carry out and enforce laws, but Article II gives the president a list of specific duties: Act as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces Maintain a cabinet of advisors who run the 14 executive departments like the State Department and the Treasury Grant pardons in all federal criminal offenses, and reprieves (postpone punishments like executions) Negotiate treaties with other countries Appoint ambassadors, Supreme Court Justices and federal court judges, and Cabinet members Make a State of the Union address to Congress Represent the United States when dealing with foreign countries Make sure that laws are carried out ( executed ) Creating the Courts: Article III Here come the judges! Article III creates the judicial branch. The judicial branch interprets laws to decide what they mean and whether they have been followed in specific cases. The U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, DC Article III creates the Supreme Court and authorizes Congress to create federal courts below the Supreme Court. These are courts that deal with United States laws, not state laws. Article III also gives directions about what kinds of cases the Supreme Court and federal courts can hear. Under Article III, federal judges are appointed, not elected. They stay on the bench until they retire, die, or are removed for bad behavior. Article III also guarantees trial by jury for criminal cases and explains the crime of treason. Anatomy of the Constitution Name: The States: Article IV States have the power to create and enforce their own laws. Article Four of the Constitution describes how the states should interact with each other. Each state has to respect the laws and court decisions of the other states. If a criminal flees from one state to another, the state where the crime was committed can request that the criminal be returned to face charges. This is called extradition . New states can be admitted to the Union with the authorization of Congress and the president. All states must have a republican , or representative, type of government. (Sorry, states can’t have kings.) Let’s just make this one change Amending the Constitution: Article V The Constitution is not set in stone. Article Five describes what must be done to amend , or change, the Constitution. You will read more about this process on the next page. Supreme Law of the Land: Article VI Federalism is the idea that the national government shares power with the state governments. But what happens if a state law disagrees with a national or federal law? Article Six states that the laws and treaties of the U.S. government are “the supreme law of the land.” If a state law disagrees with a federal law, federal law wins. This article also requires officials working in the state and federal governments to take an oath to support the Constitution no matter what.      ified Rat  Massachusetts  Maryland  South Carolina  New Hampshire The list of states in order of ratification of the Constitution. George Washington taking the oath of office for President of the U.S. Ratification: Article VII Article Seven says the Constitution could not take effect until at least nine out of the thirteen states approved it. (Back then, there were only thirteen states.) Each state held its own convention to discuss and vote on the Constitution’s plan for government. But getting approval wasn’t easy. Some people thought the seven articles weren’t enough. After much debate, it was agreed that ten amendments would be added to the Constitution. These amendments, called the Bill of Rights, would list specific rights not already mentioned in the Constitution. This put people’s minds at ease, and the Constitution became the law of the land in March 1789. The Bill of Rights was added in 1791. Anatomy of the Constitution Name: Amending the Constitution Article V describes how an amendment is added to the Constitution. There are only two steps necessary. First, the amendment needs to be proposed , or introduced. Then it needs to be ratified , or passed. Sound easy? Well, it isn’t! Hundreds of amendment proposals are introduced in Congress each year. Only 33 have ever received enough votes to actually be proposed. Of those, 27 have become amendments to the Constitution. The process to add an amendment can take years. There are four different ways an amendment can be added to the Constitution. But in all cases, an amendment has to be approved at the national level and the state level. Step 1: Propose Step 2: Ratify Either Congress or the States can propose an amendment to the Constitution. Both Houses of Congress must propose the amendment with a two-thirds vote. This is how all current amendments have been offered. The other option is to have two-thirds of the state legislatures call on Congress to hold a Constitutional Convention. So far, no amendments have been proposed in this way. Regardless of how the amendment is proposed, it must be ratified by the states. Three-fourths of the state legislatures must approve of the amendment proposed by Congress. The alternative is to have three-fourths of the states approve the amendment by holding conventions to vote on it. The state convention method has only been used once, to approve the 21st Amendment repealing Prohibition in 1933. Step 1: (Most Common) P R O P O S E A vote two-thirds (2/3) of both houses of Congress proposes an amendment. (Least Common) OR Two-thirds (2/3) of state legislatures ask for a meeting to propose an amendment. This meeting is called a convention . The amendment is proposed at the national convention. Step 2: R A T I F Y Three-fourths (3/4) of state legislatures ratify the amendment. OR Three-fourths (3/4) of special state conventions ratify the amendment. The new amendment is added to the Constitution! Anatomy of the Constitution Name: A. Vocabulary. Match the term with the correct definitions from the lesson. ___ 1. ratify A) Introduce a new amendment ___ 2. execute B) Carry out a law ___ 3. federalism C) A representative form of government ___ 4. republican D) Approve or pass an amendment ___ 5. propose E) System where the national government shares power with state governments B. Multiple Choice. Use what you have learned in this lesson to answer the following questions. ___ 6. How many senators are in the U.S. Senate? ___ 8. What was added to the Constitution that listed rights not already in the Constitution? a. 50 b. 435 c. 100 d. It depends on the population. a. The 14th Amendment b. The approval of all 13 states c. The Bill of Rights d. The Necessary and Proper Clause ___ 7. What does the Constitution say is the ‘supreme law of the land’? ___ 9. What is the term for members of the House of Representatives ? a. 2 years b. 4 years c. 6 years d. Life a. The Bill of Rights b. State laws c. The amendments d. U.S. or federal laws C. Separate Those Powers! Draw a line connecting each branch to the powers it has. 10. We write the bills that become laws. The Judicial Branch D. Article Match-Up. Draw a line connecting each Constitutional article with the subject that it covers. Articles 1-3 13. Discusses how states should interact with each other. Article 4 14. Supreme Law of the Land The The Legislative Branch The Executive Branch 11. We make sure the laws are carried out and enforced. 12. We hear cases about the laws and decide what the laws mean. Am ts men end Article 6 15. Creates the three branches of the U.S. government 16. Additions to the Constitution Article 7 17. How to amend the Constitution Article 5 18. How to Ratify the Constitution Anatomy of the Constitution Name: E. Table of Contents. Complete the Constitutional Table of Contents by filling in the missing pieces with words from the lesson. Use the word bank below if you need help. Preamble What does the Constitution do? What is the ______________ of the government? Article I How does the _______________ Article II How does the _________________ branch execute laws? Article III How does the ________________ branch interpret the laws? Article IV How should the ______________ get along with each other? Article V branch create laws? What powers do the states have? How can the Constitution be _________________, or changed? Article VI How does ________________ work? Which law is supreme? Article VII What ___________ have to be taken to make the Constitution the law of the land? Amendments What changes have been made to the _______________________? F. Who Said It? First, match the quote about working in government to the correct branch. Then name the article that describes the powers of this branch. Floor debate [on a bill] is an exhilarating experience and important duty. Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick, D– MI The presidency has many problems, but boredom is the least of them. Richard Nixon, R-CA We apply laws to facts. We do not apply feelings to facts. Justice Sonia Sotomayor Article Article Article _____ _____ _____ The Executive Branch The Judicial Branch The Legislative Branch Directions: Fold on the dotted lines to make a 3-sided tent with the text facing out: Tuck the extra flap to the inside. (Fold here) E L J xecutive Branch (Fold here) (Fold here) tive cu Exe egislative Branch udicial Branch Active Review Foldable Anatomy of the Constitution Name: Whose Job Is It? E=Executive L= Legislative J= Judicial (For each description show the correct side of your tent.) ___ 1. Prints money ___ 2. Enforces the laws ___ 3. Decides what a law means ___ 4. Declares war ___ 5. Includes the president, vice president, and the cabinet ___ 6. Divided into the House and Senate ___ 7. Punishes pirates! ___ 8. Makes treaties with other countries ___ 9. Can declare laws unconstitutional ___ 10. Selected by the Electoral College ___ 11. Selected by popular vote ___ 12. Appoints Supreme Court Justices, federal judges, ambassadors and cabinet members ___ 13. Approves presidential appointments ___ 14. Makes a State of the Union address each year ___ 15. Collect taxes Anatomy of the Constitution Whose Job Is It? E=Executive L= Legislative J= Judicial (For each description show the correct side of your tent.) L 1. Prints money ___ E 2. Enforces the laws ___ J 3. Decides what a law means ___ L 4. Declares war ___ E 5. Includes the president, vice president, and the cabinet ___ L 6. Divided into the House and Senate ___ L 7. Punishes pirates! ___ E 8. Makes treaties with other countries ___ J 9. Can declare laws unconstitutional ___ E 10. Selected by the Electoral College ___ L 11. Selected by popular vote ___ E 12. Appoints Supreme Court Justices, federal judges, ___ ambassadors and cabinet members L 13. Approves presidential appointments ___ E 14. Makes a State of the Union address each year ___ L 15. Collect taxes ___ Anatomy of the Constitution A. Vocabulary. Match the term with the correct definitions from the lesson. _D_ 1. ratify A) Introduce a new amendment _B_ 2. execute B) Carry out a law _E_ 3. federalism C) A representative form of government _C_ 4. republican D) Approve or pass an amendment _A_ 5. propose E) System where the national government shares power with state governments B. Multiple Choice. Use what you have learned in this lesson to answer the following questions. _C_ 6. How many senators are in the U.S. Senate? _C_ 8. What was added to the Constitution that listed rights not already in the Constitution? a. 50 b. 435 c. 100 d. It depends on the population. a. The 14th Amendment b. The approval of all 13 states c. The Bill of Rights d. The Necessary and Proper Clause _D_ 7. What does the Constitution say is the ‘supreme law of the land’? _A_ 9. What is the term for members of the House of Representatives ? a. 2 years b. 4 years c. 6 years d. Life a. The Bill of Rights b. State laws c. The amendments d. U.S. or federal laws C. Separate Those Powers! Draw a line connecting each branch to the powers it has. D. Article Match-Up. Draw a line connecting each Constitutional article with the subject that it covers. 10. We write the bills that become laws. The Judicial Branch Articles 1-3 13. Discusses how states should interact with each other. Article 4 14. Supreme Law of the Land The The Legislative Branch The Executive Branch 11. We make sure the laws are carried out and enforced. 12. We hear cases about the laws and decide what the laws mean. ents dm men 15. Creates the three branches of the U.S. government A Article 6 16. Additions to the Constitution Article 7 17. How to amend the Constitution Article 5 18. How to Ratify the Constitution Anatomy of the Constitution E. Table of Contents. Complete the Constitutional Table of Contents by filling in the missing pieces with words from the lesson. Use the word bank below if you need help. Preamble What does the Constitution do? What is the PURPOSE of the government? Article I How does the LEGISLATIVE branch create laws? What powers do the states have? Article II How does the EXECUTIVE branch execute laws? Article III How does the Article IV How should the STATES get along with each other? JUDICIAL branch interpret the laws? Article V How can the Constitution be AMENDED, or changed? Article VI How does FEDERALISM work? Which law is supreme? Article VII What STEPS have to be taken to make the Constitution the law of the land? Amendments What changes have been made to the CONSTITUTION? F. Who Said It? First, match the quote about working in government to the correct branch. Then name the article that describes the powers of this branch. Floor debate [on a bill] is an exhilarating experience and important duty. Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick, D– MI The presidency has many problems, but boredom is the least of them. Richard Nixon, R-CA We apply laws to facts. We do not apply feelings to facts. Justice Sonia Sotomayor Article Article Article __ _ __ __ _ The Executive Branch The Judicial Branch The Legislative Branch _