Answer Sheet at the End of Exam - Anatomy and Physiology

1 true 26 D 2 false 27 A 3 true 4 true 5 true 6 true 7 false 8 true 9 true 10 true 11 false 12 false 13 true 14 true 15 false 16 true 17 true 18 false 19 true 20 true 21 false 22 false 23 D 24 C 25 B 28 C 29 C 30 A 31 C 32 D 33 A 34 C 35 false 36 true 37 false 38 true 39 true 40 false 41 false 42 true 43 true 44 false 45 true 46 false 47 true 48 true 49 B 50 C Answer Sheet at the end of exam True/False Questions 1) The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints. 2) All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight. 3) Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes. 4) Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood. 5) The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability. 6) The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirable movement. 7) The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion. 8) Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint. 9) A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint. 10) A movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior is supination. 11) The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements. 12) Cruciate ligaments are important ligaments that stabilize all ball-and-socket joints. 13) Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion. 14) The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint. 15) The ligamentum teres represents a very important stabilizing ligament for the hip joint. 16) The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity. 17) Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris. 18) A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids. 19) A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint. 20) Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion. 21) Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa. 22) Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility. Multiple-Choice Questions 23) A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint. A) syndesmosis B) suture C) synchondrosis D) gomphosis 24) The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________. A) tend to run parallel to one another B) are also called collateral ligaments C) prevent hyperextension of the knee D) assist in defining the range of motion of the leg Match the following: A) Myosin B) Z discs C) A band D) I band 25) A sarcomere is the distance between two ________. 26) The ________ contains only the actin filaments. 27) The thicker filaments are the ________ filaments. 28) Both actin and myosin are found in the ________. 29) The myosin filaments are located in the ________. Match the following (answers can be used more than once): A) Calcium ions B) Creatine phosphate C) Acetylcholine D) Sodium-potassium ions E) Acetylcholinesterase 30) Serves as the actual "trigger" for muscle contraction by removing the inhibition of the troponin molecules. 31) A neurotransmitter released at motor end plates by the axon terminals. 32) Diffusion across the cell membrane results in depolarization. 33) Activate synaptic vesicles in axon terminals. 34) Destroys ACh. True/False Questions 35) Once a motor neuron has fired, all the muscle fibers in a muscle contract. 36) The force of muscle contraction is controlled by multiple motor unit summation or recruitment. 37) A motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it stimulates are referred to as a motor end plate. 38) Peristalsis is characteristic of smooth muscle. 39) A contraction in which the muscle does not shorten but its tension increases is called isometric. 40) During isotonic contraction, the heavier the load, the faster the velocity of contraction. 41) During isometric contraction, the energy used appears as movement. 42) One of the important functions of skeletal muscle contraction is production of heat. 43) An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments. When the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops. 44) Muscle contraction will always promote movement of body parts regardless of how they are attached. 45) Although there are no sarcomeres, smooth muscle still possesses thick and thin filaments. 46) Muscle tone is the small amount of tautness or tension in the muscle due to weak, involuntary contractions of its motor units. 47) A resting potential is caused by a difference in the concentration of certain ions inside and outside the cell. 48) When a muscle fiber contracts, the I bands diminish in size, the H zones disappear, and the A bands move closer together but do not diminish in length. Multiple-Choice Questions 49) What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles? A) Tropomyosin is the name of a contracting unit. B) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules. C) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the actin binding sites on the myosin molecules. D) Tropomyosin is the receptor for the motor neuron neurotransmitter. 50) The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by ________. A) increasing stimulus above the threshold B) increasing stimulus above the treppe stimulus C) increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus D) recruiting small and medium muscle fibers