University:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Course:
15.501/516 | Accounting
Academic year:

2023
Views:

198

Pages:

12
Author:

ricanagapanthus

PERSPECTIVE • ADVANCES IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR DRAMATICALLY INCREASED CONNECTIVITY AND INTEGRATION AMONG SYSTEMS ENABLING: – NEW BUSINESS STRATEGIES AND OPPORTUNITIES – NEW FORMS OF INTER- AND INTRAORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BUSINESS FORCES • GLOBALIZATION • WORLD-WIDE COMPETITION • NEW BUSINESS MODELS • VOLATILE ENVIRONMENT INCREASED CONNECTIVITY • INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS • INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL COORDINATION TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY & EFFECTIVENESS • ADAPTABLE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) OPPORTUNITIES • CONTINUED DRAMATIC COST/PERFORMANCE AND CAPACITY ADVANCES • NEW IT ARCHITECTURES ENCOMPASSING: -- EXTENSIVE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS / INTERNET -- ACCESSIBLE DISTRIBUTED DATABASES -- ENHANCED HUMAN INTERFACE / WEB APPLICATIONS SOME RECENT EXAMPLES AND CHALLENGES • RAYTHEON PREDICTS BIG PROFIT SHORTFALL “Many problems related to integrating acquisitions ..” (BG) • GOING NOWHERE FAST IN CYBERSPACE “Poor integration of the two units (FedEX & RPS) have kept it from capturing much Net traffic ...” (BW) • LACK OF IT INTEGRATION FACTOR IN HMO CRISIS “Harvard Pilgrim had separate financial and billing systems and never fully integrated them ...” (CW) • MARKET MAKES IT PRIORITY IN DRUG MERGER “Competitive pressures make it priority for (Glaxo Wellcome and Smith-Kline Beecham) to combine their systems ...”(CW). OPERATIONAL EXAMPLE (FINANCIAL SERVICES) • SEPARATE SYSTEM FOR EACH PRODUCT AREA / COUNTRY Loan Management System Cash Management System Letter of Credit System Database 1 Database 2 Database 3 (Oracle) CONCERNS: (DB2) - GLOBAL RISK - GLOBAL PROFITABILITY - GLOBAL CUSTOMER STATUS [SQL Server] INTEGRATED INFORMATION FROM DISPARATE SYSTEMS New consumer examples: MaxMiles (freq flyer) Yodlee (bank accounts) Loan Management System Cash Management System Letter of Credit System Database 1 Database 2 Database 3 (Oracle) (DB2) [SQL Server] WHY IS INTEGRATED INFORMATION IMPORTANT? • WHEN RUSSIA SUSPENDED PAYMENTS ON ITS DEBT A FEW YEARS AGO: - How long did it take financial services organizations to determine impact on them? • WELL, THAT WAS AN EXCEPTIONAL EVENT: - Unlikely to happen again (except in Brazil, Argentina, LTCM, …) - Never happened before - “Citicorp faces record loss of $2.5 billion in quarter” - 1987 Merrill Lynch makes management changes - Boston Globe, p.41, May 5, 1987 Air Force general defends B-1 INTERACTION OF STRATEGY, TECHNOLOGY, AND ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS Strategic Applications Organizational Actions Success Technology Actions COURSE STRUCTURE Part 1: STRATEGIC CONNECTIVITY [20%] Part 2: PHYSICAL CONNECTIVITY [30%] (Communications, Networking, Internet Technology - emerging technologies, e.g., ATM, DSL) Part 3: LOGICAL CONNECTIVITY [30%] (Distributed databases, Web, and data semantics - emerging technologies, e.g., XML, Web Services) Part 4: ORGANIZATIONAL CONNECTIVITY (Loosely-coupled organizations, Intra-organization data standards) [20%] STUDENT BACKGROUND • NAME, DEPARTMENT, YEAR • RELATED BACKGROUND – PRIOR IT-RELATED COURSES – EXPERIENCE • STRATEGY AND APPLICATIONS • COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY • DATABASE TECHNOLOGY • ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES COURSE OPERATION • MATERIALS – COURSE READINGS (MOSTLY ARTICLES -- FROM COPYTECH) – SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS (DEWEY LIBRARY AND WEB) – COPY OF LECTURE NOTES • ASSIGNMENTS (Subject to change) – ASSIGNED READINGS, BE PREPARED FOR CLASS … – 4 WRITTEN HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS (HW) [20%] – TERM PROJECT (578) / COMPUTER PROJECT (565) [25%] – CLASS PARTICIPATION [10%] • EXAMINATIONS – MID-TERM [20%] – FINAL [25%] TEN REASONS WHY YOU MIGHT NOT LIKE THIS CLASS 1. MULTI-CULTURE (STRATEGY / TECHNOLOGY / ORGANIZATION) - There is at least one area that you know too much about or do not like 2. DOES NOT FOCUS PRIMARILY ON LATEST “BUZZWORDS” - Addresses issues of lasting long-term importance 3. SOME READINGS MORE THAN A YEAR OLD - Sometimes really good ideas last more than a year 4. COURSE STILL EVOLVING 5. CONSIDERABLE WORK LOAD (BUT CONSISTENT WITH CREDITS) 6. HIGH EXPECTATIONS 7. THE FACT I COULD NOT THINK OF FOUR MORE … • • WE WILL WORK TO MAKE COURSE VALUABLE AND ENJOYABLE FILL IN STUDENT INFORMATION SHEET BEFORE YOU LEAVE