University:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Course:
15.501/516 | Accounting
Academic year:

2023
Views:

483

Pages:

7
Author:

obsessamyccq

Managing Change Three Perspectives Strategic Design Political Organizations are machines Organizations are contests An organization is a mechanical system crafted to achieve a defined goal. Parts must fit well together and match the demands of the environment. An organization is a social system encompassing diverse, and sometimes contradictory, interests and goals. Competition for resources is expected. Action comes through planning. Action comes through power. Cultural Organizations are institutions An organization is a symbolic system of meanings, artifacts, values, and routines. Informal norms and traditions exert a strong influence on behavior. Action comes through habit. Change is Difficult ... • Resistance to Change Comes from Many Sources • Fear of Loss of Power • Loss of value (eg, losing jobs, having experience discounted) • Anxiety about new skills being required • Negative assessment of the need for change • And don’t forget past resentments, sense of nobility & expectation of more work ! … and has to be managed • Make the right diagnosis - Analyze the situation carefully - Understand the trade-off involved in different change strategies - Develop adequate and realistic goals • Implement the change Effort - Make sure you have the resources you need to drive process - Build the necessary support - Manage the cultural assumptions • Managing change is about understanding and managing perceptions ... – – – Understanding how others see the situation Convince others that the status quo is not working Explain the logic of the change agenda Schein’s Model of Personal Change Unfreezing Disconfirmation Guilt & anxiety Psychological Safety Changing Scanning, Trial & Error Identification, Imitation Adoption Integrate into role Supportive social relationships Dimensions of Organizational Change Top Down _______________ Bottom-up Radical _______________ Incremental Discontinuous _____________ Planned Continuous _______________ Emergent Rules for the Change Agent • Rule One: Try to Stay Alive • Is this for you? • What are the real benefits and costs? • What are the real chances of success? • Rule Two: Learn • Learn how others see you and what you represent. • Are your ends getting in the way of the project?