WADE - Hookup Culture Study Guides

WADE - Hookup Culture 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. What is Wade's definition of hookup culture? Hookup culture is an environment that idealizes and promotes casual sexual encounters over other kinds, regardless of what students want or are doing. ! In Wade's study, how does the level of sexual activity among today's college students compare to that of their parents, at a similar age? The level of sexual activity is equal to that of their parents. ! Does Wade argue that campus hookup culture is a myth? Hookup culture is not a myth. ! What are the four categories of students that Wade identified with respect to hookup culture? "enthusiasts" who enjoyed casual sex. "abstainer" who voluntarily opted out of sex. "dabblers" students who were ambivalent about casual sex but succumbed to temptation. And the people who were in monogamous relationships and abstained. ! What portion of students were in each of these categories?! 14% were enthusiasts. 34% voluntarily abstained. 8% were in monogamous relationships. And 45% were dabblers. ! Are those numbers similar to other research on the topic, or no? These percentages were similar to other research done. ! Wade is saying that the level of hookup CULTURE is different than the level of hookup activity. How does that work? Even by not participating in hookup activities, you could still be a part of the culture by accepting your role or status in the culture. For example, people in monogamous relationships accepted marginalization and being seen as socially irrelevant. ! At the end of this piece, Wade cites two studies that speak to the claim that hookup culture is more prevalent than hookup activity. What are the numbers there? In the first study, students thought others were doing it 50 times a year when in reality that was 25 times more than actual. In the second study, students thought 80% of college boys were having sex any given weekend. However, this was closer to the number of boys who have ever had sex in college. ! In the hookup culture that Wade observed how were monogamous relationships viewed?! As a part of hook up culture but not participating in active hook ups. ! What is Wade saying about the relationship between social status/power and hookup culture?! ! The people who have the most hook ups also have the most power and social status. People who do not engage in hookups are viewed as less socially relevant and are dominated by those in power. ACT-UP: How to Survive a Plague 1. List ACT-UP's successes, and note the!death-toll ticker, at each juncture.!Note, however, that the number of deaths and infections don't always match-up with film clips mostly because of whether the count is global-vs-US and deaths-v-infections (with infections always being exponentially larger than deaths, by definition in epidemiology). Throughout the AIDS epidemic, ACT-UP was the strongest organization fighting for activism in finding a cure or treatment for HIV. Throughout the years from their beginning in the early 80's up until the early to mid 90's ACT-UP made enough noise around the world to bring AIDS to the forefront of global issues.! 1987: ACT-UP hosted their first public protest (Worldwide AIDS death toll: 500,000) 1987: AZT was found to have some affect in fighting and treating AIDS in individuals, however it proved to be toxic to some people so the coverage was not as wide spread 1988: Worldwide AIDS death toll: 800,000+ 1989: A drug was released that prevented blindness in patients with HIV/AIDS and was put out along side DDI (Worldwide AIDS death toll: 1.2 million+) (Worldwide AIDS death toll: 1.2 million+) 1990: (Worldwide AIDS death toll: 1.7 million+) 1991: (Worldwide AIDS death toll: 2.4 million+) 1991: ACT-UP members split and created the TAG (Treatment Action Group) 1992: (Worldwide AIDS death toll: 3.3 million+) 1992: During the election campaigns of George Bush and Bill Clinton, ACT-UP was able to get the AIDS epidemic into the fold of issues for the president elects to campaign for. 1993: (Worldwide AIDS death toll: 4.7 million+) 1994: (Worldwide AIDS death toll: 6.2 million+) 1995: (Worldwide AIDS death toll: 8.2 million+) 1993-1995: These years were described as the worst years for the activist group.! 1996: A combination of drugs was found by Merck to have made the disease undetectable in many people suffering from HIV. People who had skin lesions from HIV/AIDS saw them retreating off of the surface of their skin. This combination of drugs has saved 6 million people at that time. The release of this drug is considered a huge accomplishment in the gay community (1:42:00). 1. 1. 1. ! When the documentary introduces some key figures in the ACT-UP movement as heterosexual women working in health care and science, they don't use the word "ally" because it hasn't gained popularity, yet. Apart from saying that they are straight or heterosexual, what words are used to describe their alignment and leadership?! One of the first women mentioned in the documentary, Iris Long, a scientist/retired chemist, was referred to as life-saving. "She was not gay, but she couldn't sit around with the information she knew without helping", she played an essential role in helping form a research committee for ACT-UP. "It was Iris who made us see we don't want a black market (for drugs), we want the real market to work" (24:47).! ! Around 40:00, a couple of scientists begin explaining how anti-HIV!drugs work. I won't test you on that, but immediately after, a voiceover from 1989 reports that HIV/AIDS is (was) the leading cause of death for a particular group(s). For whom was it!the leading cause of death, and what does the on-screen death-toll figure read for 1989? The leading cause of death was men under the age of 44 in New York and many other cities. It passed number the death of homicides and many other diseases. In 1989 the worldwide death count from AIDS was 1,200,005 and counting. ! How did the Catholic Church in the U.S. react? Get a couple of details on the Catholic Church's negative response--specific terms and ideas used by church leaders. (But note that morally-framed resistance to condom use was widespread at the time. For example,!JMU's SGA asked the university to distribute free condoms in 1989 and were rebuffed until 1994 Even with the spread of AIDS and the death toll constantly rising, the bishops from the Catholic Church opposed the use of condoms and saw them as “morally unacceptable”. This went against US public health policy and the church pointed out the ineffectiveness of condoms. They thought that the use of condoms would promote the transmission of AIDS. Some catholic people said that this would not just lead to physical death but “spiritual death”. John Cardinal O’Connor explained that, “The use of prophylactics is immoral in a pluralistic society or any other society” (42:32). So many people responded to the church and called them murderers which led to protest in front of the church. ! 1. 1. 1. There are lots of scenes from inside ACT-UP meetings. Do they reflect the conditions inside organizations that you have experienced in terms of decision-making structure, commitment, and the willingness to align related interests to broaden impact and membership? ! What was the main source of the fragmentation of ACT-UP and what were its implications for ACT-UP strategy?! They do have similar conditions. The main source of the fragmentation of ACT-Up was that the stigma behind AIDS diminished. Some of the implications were that they did draw attention towards the AIDS epidemic as well as increasing treatment access. ! In what year was the successful treatment for!HIV developed and what year was it released?!(another p.s.: First, there is no "cure" for HIV. It is merely controlled with medications, and many people still die from it in the U.S. Even more die in developing nations, especially in places where women don't have much or any control of their own sexual activity. Meanwhile drug-resistant strains have been emerging, as well. Nevertheless, the idea of successful treatment became the norm for a whole generation of young people in the west, who have no memory of barrier use such as condoms as lifesaving practices. In fact, the current trend is for HIV-negative people to take HIV medication daily, as a form of protection. That method is!generally!called PrEP -- PreExposure Prophylaxis.) While there were some treatments put out in the 1980's and continuing years, the successful treatment for HIV was developed in 1995 which was a triple drug combination. It was released 6 months later in 1996. ! Henry - Outing Note: The language used (and the facts) in this historical piece!are more than 25 years old. Representative Barney Frank (D-MA) served from 1981 to 2013 as the nation's first openly gay Congressional Representative. 1. 1. 1. What is outing (in general). Outing is the intentional exposure of secret gays by other gays. ! How is political outing different from the general idea--in practice and intent? Political outing, the intent is to out a political office holder because they are secretly gay yet endorse antigay measures. ! What would be the purpose of outing a movie star who hadn't spouted any homophobia or done intentional hard to the community? According to Henry's article, some prominent gay people want to out individuals, or for them to come out on their own, because being gay is nothing to be ashamed of and there is strength in numbers (2). ! 1. When thinking about the purpose of outing a movie star who hasn't done any harm to the community, I think you were spot on with your answer, but I also personally believe their are other reasons for doing so which are beneficial for the gay community. For an example, if theirs a cisgender male who grew up with homophobic attitudues and ended up discovering their favorite movie is gay, this could possibly have a positive impact by making them rethink their homophobic attitudes. !In addition, if someone is gay and uncomfortable about coming out, but they find out one of their favorite movie stars is gay this could possibly have a positive impact by making them want to embrace being gay since their favorite movie star is.! ! Some instances of outing religious leaders worked differently than individual responsibility. How so? In the case of outing religious leaders, it has worked differently in regards to the outing of other leaders and elected officials because they are being targeted due to the church being against gay sex, not necessarily because they are personally antigay. In regards to political leaders and other elected officials, they are being targeted for personally pushing for antigay actions. This notion becomes evident when Henry states,” Whereas the political leaders have been under attack for specific personal acts, the clergy is a potential target because of the church's general, institutional opposition to gay sex” (page 2).