Suggestion for RRB Lab Assistant

Suggestion for RRB Lab assistant/ Lab Superintendent (2025) Anatomy & Physiology a) Musculoskeletal system: Bones- Types, structure and functions b) Digestive system: Gross anatomy of digestive organs, Physiology of Digestion, Digestive juices- secretion, composition and functions c) Cardiovascular System: Gross anatomy of heart & vessels d) Excretory System: Gross anatomy of excretory organs, function of kidneys, mechanism of urine formation, structure and function of Kidney e) Names of Nerves & CerebroSpinal Fluid: Formation, composition of CSF f) Endocrine System: Gross anatomy of endocrine organs: Brief description of endocrine hormone and their functions Biochemistry a) Introduction and scope of Biochemistry, cleaning and care of laboratory glass ware and equipment's, colorimeter, spectrometer, pH meter, flame photometer, S.I unit of measurement, preservation and disposal of biological sample, basic statistics- mean, median, modes, SD, CV, normal references ranges. Acid and base, pH, buffer solution, indicator, standard solution, storage of chemicals, water, electrolytes, acid base balance b) Carbohydrate, lipids, proteins- Classification, properties, Biological importance, functions. c) Amino acids, nucleic acid, Enzymes, co-enzymes- definition, classifications, Biological role/importance. d) Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Electron transport chain, Pentose phosphate pathway, Glyconeogenesis, Gluconeogenesis, Cori-cycle, Blood sugar and its regulation. e) Amino acids, vitamins, mineral-classification, Biological role, deficiency state. Transamination, Deamination, f) Tumour markers: Brief history, classifications, clinical applications. g) Laboratory Test (AFP, CEA, PSA) Liver function test, renal function test. Thyroid function test, Enzymes and co-enzymes in diagnosis of the diseases, Hormone analysis. Cardiac function test Qualitative test for- Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, Bence Jonce’s Protein Estimation of serum electrolytes, and bicarbonates Blood sugar Quantitative test for organic constituent (Urea, uric acid, creatinine) inorganic constituent (Sodium, potassium, calcium,ammonia, chloride, phosphate, bicarbonate and sulphate in urine with clinical significance and study of abnormal constituent or urine (Glucose, Protein ketone bodies, blood, bile salt, bile pigments). Radio Immunoassay (RIA) Enzyme link Immuno sorbent Assay (ELISA) Chromatography (thin layer paper, gas, liquid Electrophoresis, (gel electrophoresis, liquid electrophoresis) Microbiology a) Introduction, brief history of Microbiology, origin of microbial life- theory of spontaneous generation. Safety Measures in Microbiology Classifications and nomenclature of bacteria (five kingdom concepts) Sterilization- principle, methods, antiseptic, disinfectants. General characteristics of bacteria, anatomy of bacteria (shape, size, components) Growth and nutrition of bacteria, classification of bacteria on the basis of nutritional requirements, measurement of cell mass, and factors affecting growth. Cultivation of Microbes (Bacteria) Culture technique (media preparation and inoculation) Isolation of pure cultures (streak plate, spread plate, pours plate and serial dilution) Identification of microbes by colony morphology. b) Bacteriology, Normal Micro flora of human body, Germ theory of diseases, microbial infection (types, sources and transmission) Bacterial Toxin (Endotoxin & exotoxin) Bacterial Morphology, isolation, identification, Pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (Culture, Biochemical test, Hanging drop method for motility, Anaerobic, aerobic culture methods of staphylococcus, streptococcus, Neisseria Gonorrhea, N. meningitidis, clostridium tetani & C. perfringens E.coli, vibrio cholera, salmonella typhi, shigella, Mycobacteruim/Mycobacterium tuberculosis, spirochetes- Treponema pallidum. Collection, preservation, transportation of clinical specimens for microbial investigation. Bacteriological methods examination of blood, faeces, pus, sputum, throat swab and urine Antibiotic sensitivity test (Disc diffusion and broth dilution methods) Hospital acquired infections and their control. Waste disposal and management. c) Instruments & Glassware: Autoclave, Incubator, Laminar Airflow. Hot air oven, water bath, vortex shaker. Petri dish, test tube, screw cap tube, glass spreader/L-rods, Pasteur pipettes. d) Medical Mycology: Classification and nomenclature of fungi General characteristics, structures, reproduction, cultivation Medically important division of fungi. Morphology, culture characteristics, Pathogenicity, Lab diagnosis of common pathogenic fungi, (AspergillusAp, Candida Sp, Dermatophytes, Penicillium Sp.) e) Immunology Introduction, Antigens (Types and properties) Antibodies/Immuno globin types and properties) Antigen-antibody reactions and their application (Agglutin, precipitation, complement fixation and neutralization tests) Immunity (Innate and Acquired) Hypersensitivity Immunodeficiency diseases f) Serology Quality control measures in serology Common serological technique and their applications (VDRL, Widal, RA test, ASO, Pregnancy test, Hbs Ag and HCV, HIV, Mantoux test) g)Medical Virology Classification, nomenclature, general characteristics (Morphology, Chemical, biological properties and multiplication) Cultivation of viruses (chick embryo, cell culture and animals) Bacteriophages (lytic and lysogenic cycles) Morphology, cultural characteristics, Pathogenicity and laboratory diagnosis of the following viruses Poliomyelitis Mumps Measles Hepatitis A,B,C Cytomegalovirus Rabies HIV/AIDS h)Molecular Biology Introduction DNA & RNA Isolation of DNA (Genomic & Plasmid) Plasmids (types & importance) i) Principles, methods and application of ELISA, Immunofluorescence test, Western Blot PCR Parasitology a) Introduction, classification, characteristics of human parasites Collection, storage and transportation of specimens, preservation of parasites. Morphology, transmission, life cycle, Pathogenicity and lab. Diagnosis of:- Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia Lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis, Leishmania donovani and L tropica. Plasmodia species, Toxoplasma gondii, nematodes- Intestinal flukes, lung flukes, liver fluke. b)Common vectors of human diseases (mosquito, flies, ticks and fleas) Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Basic Lab. Techniques and Instruments a)Pathology- definition, Branches Acute and chronic Inflammation (definition, characteristics) Subacute, granulomatous inflammation (definition, characteristics) Changes in Inflammation Chemical mediators of Inflammation. b)Cell Injury Definition, causes, Ischemia, Necrosis Apoptosis, degeneration, dehydration c)Cellular adaptation of growth & differentiation (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, metaplasia, Dysplasia, Anaplasia) d)Neoplasia (Benin and Malignant, definition, characteristics, etiology, spread) e)Cell of Innmune system (B&T lymphocytes, macrophage, dendritic and Langerhans cells, NK f) Laboratory organization, role of laboratory technicians and responsibilities, safety measures, instruments, reporting and recording, common laboratory accidents and its preventions, handling of infectious materials, prevention and disposal, reagents and its storage. g) Types of solution (isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic) quality control-(Principles & Types) h) Routine examination and clinical significance ofUrine Stool Body Fluids (Ascitic fluid, pleural fluids, pericardial fluids, synovial fluids, CSF seminal fluids, sputum) Medico-legal importance of semen analysis and abnormal morphology of sperm. Hematology (i) Blood- Components, collection, anticoagulants, preparation of smears and quality haemoglobin, TLC, DLC with absolute count, WBC, Red cell Indices, Reticulocytes (methods of estimation, clinical significance) Erythropoiesis, Granulopoiesis, Megakaryopoiesis (normal, abnormal & clinical significant) Blood parasites, bone marrow smears (a) Haemoglobin normal and abnormal, Biosynthesis, Haemoglobinopathies and its investigation) (b) RBC- structure, erythropoietin, functions (c) WBC- Physiology, pathological variation (d) Platelets- functions, purpuras, investigation of disorders, thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia (e) Haemostasis (Coagulation)- Normal mechanism, abnormal, investigation of abnormal haemostasis) (f) Thrombosis- definition, causes (g) Leukemia- definition, classification (FAB), Acute & Chronic leukemia, lab features of acute & Chronic leukemia (AML, ALL, CML, CLL) Aleukemia, Leukaemoid reaction, Myelodysplastic syndrome (definition lab features) (h) Anemias (Normochronic, Normocytic, Megaloblastic, Microcytic hypochromic, Anaemia of infections, Haemolytic Anaemias)- Definition, classification, causes, laboratory, features and investigations) (i) Thalassaemia (Trait, Minor, Major) Sideroblastic anaemia Pancytopaenia, Aplastic Anaemias, Pure red cells aplasia (Definition, causes, lab investigation etc) (j) Coagulation disorders, lab diagnosis, causes, hemophilia, DIC (k) Lymphoma- definition, causes, classification, lab features/diagnosis (l) Myeloma- definition, causes, classification, lab features/diagnosis (m) Polycythaemia- definition, causes, classification, lab features/diagnosis (n) Purpuras- definition, causes, classification, lab features/diagnosis (o) Staining-Leishman’s stain, MGG, Giemsa’s, PAS, Sudan B-Black, Iron, NAP, Acid phosphate, esterase (Principle, composition, methods & results) (ii) Blood banking & Immuno Haematology (a) Introduction Blood bank organisation, equipment, donor registration. Blood Groups- Types, technique of grouping Donor’s selection, collection of blood Preservatives(storage), Laboratory screening of blood for transfusion (b) Cross matching, compatibility testing, Coomb’s Test, Transfusion reaction, Antigens, Antibodies (properties, production), Complements, sensitization, Agglutination, Haemolysis, Neutralization, Precipitation, Complement fixation, Immune response. (c) Diseases transmitted through blood and their screening, Haemolytic diesases of new born. (d) Blood component preparation and its uses, Haemophereis, Massive transfusion, Autologous transfusion, exchange transfusion. (iii) Histopathology- Basic & Technique (a) Cells & tissues- definition, cells and its organelles, function, cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, epithelial cells, definition, classification & functions. Connective tissues (Bone & cartilage) Muscle tissues Nerve tissues (b) Histology of different systems and organs- Respiratory system, Alimentary system, excretory systems, reproductive system (male & female), endocrine system (c) Histopathology techniqueSample reception, registering, labelling Fixative & fixation, (definition, classification, details of fixative, aims & object, fixation and preservation) Decalcification (definition, methods & test of end point decalcification) Grossing (definition, material required) Processing of tissues (manual & automatic) Waxes (types of waxes) Microtomies (types of microtome, knives, honing & stropping) Dehydration, clearing, impregnation, embedding or blocking (definition, chemicals used etc) Section cutting, mounting, labelling (d) Demonstration of (Staining) Nucleic acids Lipids Proteins Nerve cells Muscles Bone Carbohydrates Amyloid Pigments Micro-organism & Parasites (e) Biopsies ofRenal biopsy, Lymph node biopsy Liver biopsy, muscle biopsy Kidneys, nerves fibres, skin biopsy (Processing, fixation, blocking, staining) (f) Museum technique (g) Immunohistochemistry (definition, Purposes) (h) Staining Theory, progressive & regressive, metachromasia, mordants, accentors Staining preparation, procedure ofHaematoxylene and Eosin stain MGG Stain, connective tissue stains Giemsa’s stain, mucicarmine stains Z.N stain PAS Stain (iv) Cytology (Basic, Technique) (a) Definition of cytology, material for operation and establishment of cytology laboratory, role of cytology in the diagnosis, branches of cytology (b) Reception, registration, numbering and supply of material for collecting specimens. Preparations of Cytological smears. Cytological fixation- aims and objects, chemical use for cytological fixation and methods of fixation Progressive changes of the cells. Nuclear criteria of Malignancy. (c) Exfoliative cytology- definition, source of samples for exfoliative cytology Body cavity fluid (pleural effusion, Pericardial effusion, Ascitic fluids, sputum, urine, synovial fluids, CSF, Pus and Abscess) Methods of collection, fixation, methods of cytopreparations & staining Clotted & blood fluids (methods of cytopreparations) Cellular components in benign and malignant effusion, acute and chronic inflammations (d) Interventional cytology (FNAC) Fine needle aspiration cytology. Definition, Application, Methods. Role of FNAC Common Sites Advantage and disadvantage, limitations Complications, precautions & contraindications Preparation of smears General properties of wet & dry smears Imprint, crush smears, biopsy sediments, cell block preparations (e) Aspiration of specific lesion eg: cyst, thyroid, lung, peritoneum, prostate, testis, radiological imaging aids of FNAC (f) Methods of collection, fixation and cytopreparation of samples from- Female genital tracts, respiratory tracts, gastro-intestinal tracts, urinary tracts etc. (g) Staining Pap’s Stain o Chemical requirements, preparations of various chemicals for PAP’S stain. o Various PSP's stain methods o Types of haematoxylene and its preparation o Stain maintenance o Preparation of graded alcohols (50%, 60%,70%,80%,85%) o Preparation of 0.5% HCL, lithium carbonate, EA modified, 0.2% HCl, 1% Ammonium hydroxide in 70% ethanol, Orange G-6 Bismark brown, EA-50, EA-36 o Procedures of Pap’s Stain MGG Stain o Giemsa’s stain o Modified pap’s stain o PAS stain, Alcian blue staining o Mayers & south gate Mucicarmine stain o Gram’s stain o ZN stain Quality controls (Internal & External) definition, methods, advantage Quantitative Aptitude Tests: • NumberSystems: Computation of Whole Number, Decimal and Fractions, Relationship between numbers. Fundamental arithmetical operations: • Percentages, • Ratio and Proportion, • Square roots, • Averages, • Interest(Simple and Compound), • Profit and Loss, Discount, • Mixture and Allegation, • Time and distance, • Time and work. • Trains math General Intelligence: It would include questions of both verbal and non-verbal type. The test will include questions on Semantic Analogy, Symbolic operations, Symbolic/Number Analogy, Trends, Figural Analogy, Space Orientation, Semantic Classification, Venn Diagrams, Symbolic/Number Classification, Drawing inferences, Figural Classification, Punched hole/ pattern-folding & unfolding, Semantic Series, Figural Pattern-folding and completion, Number Series, Embedded figures, Figural Series, Critical Thinking, Problem Solving, Emotional Intelligence, Word Building, Social Intelligence, Coding and de-coding, Numerical operations, Other subtopics, if any.