Summary of Thesis Defense

Ceniya Jefferson Dr. Thoma Poster Write Up #2 Genetics 12/05/2024 Topic: Depression vs. Cardiovascular Disease Speaker: Natalia Corales, PA-S II Natalia Corales delivered an insightful presentation exploring the intricate relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD), two of the most prevalent health conditions worldwide. She emphasized the bidirectional nature of this relationship and its implications for clinical practice. Corales opened by presenting epidemiological data demonstrating the high comorbidity between depression and CVD. Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are at a significantly higher risk for developing CVD, while individuals with CVD frequently experience depression as a comorbidity. This interrelation is driven by overlapping physiological, behavioral, and psychological mechanisms. From a physiological perspective, the evaluation of how chronic stress and depression contribute to dysregulation of the hypothalami-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leads to increased cortisol levels, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. These factors exacerbate atherosclerosis and increase the likelihood of cardiovascular events. She noted how living with CVD can induce a state of learned helplessness and hopelessness, contributing to the onset of depression. Behavioral factors also play a significant role, as patients with depression are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, poor diet, and physical inactivity. Corales emphasized that these behaviors can worsen cardiovascular outcomes and create a cycle of disease progression. The lecture also addressed diagnostic challenges, as symptoms of depression-such as fatigue and sleep disturbances-often overlap with those of CVD, leading to Underdiagnosis or mismanagement. Corales advocated for routine mental health screening in cardiovascular patients and vice versa. In terms of treatment, it was discussed how integrated care models that combine psychotherapeutic interventions with medical management for CVD. She highlighted the benefits of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for treating depression in cardiac patients, noting their safety profile compared to tricyclic antidepressants, which may exacerbate cardiac arrhythmias. The presentation concluded with a call to action for healthcare providers to address the stigma surrounding mental health, particularly in patients with chronic illnesses. This emphasizes that early intervention and interdisciplinary care are critical for breaking the cycle between depression and cardiovascular disease, ultimately improving patient outcomes.