University:
Mt. San Antonio College
Course:
CHEM 20 | Biochemistry
Academic year:

2024
Views:

239

Pages:

1
Author:

Carlo M.

BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY • MODULE 10 - ENZYME ACTIVITY ENZYMES • • • • • • • • • • • • • special protein molecules designed to catalyze or speed up the rate of a biochemical reaction accelerate specific reactions regulated by competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors and/or by allosteric molecules breaking down of complex molecules are one of the primary biological functions of multiple enzymes through a series of consecutive reactions or known as pathways enzymes lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur, thereby speeding up the process of the reaction substrate – specific reactant acted upon by the enzyme product - substance formed when substrate binds to enzyme cofactor – non-protein molecule required for proper functioning of enzyme coenzyme – organic or metalloorganic molecule that acts as transient carriers of specific functional groups prosthetic group – a coenzyme or metal ion that is very tightly bounded to the enzyme protein holoenzyme – catalytically active enzyme bounded with its coenzyme and/or metal ion apoenzyme – the protein part of a holoenzyme active site – the part of an enzyme where the chemical reaction occurs; where the substrate binds allosteric site – site other than the active site to which a specific substance binds, thereby changing the shape and activity of an enzyme FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF AN ENZYME ACTIVITY • • • • • Temperature o  Temperature  enzyme activity o  Optimum temp  enzyme activity pH o Optimum pH  enzyme activity o  or  optimum pH  enzyme activity Substrate Concentration -  Substrate conc.  enzyme activity Inhibitors o  Enzyme activity o Competitive inhibitors – shape and chemical structure are similar to the normal substrate o Non-competitive- do not compete instead they act on other part of the enzyme allosteric site o Noral binding of substrate- substrate, active site, enzyme Presence Of Inhibitors o some compounds may directly or indirectly affect enzyme-substrate reaction o competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme thereby preventing the substrate to bind o uncompetitive inhibitors bind reversibly to the enzyme-substrate complex o noncompetitive inhibitors bind to other sites in the enzyme reducing its effectivity • Catalase Enzyme o an enzyme known to catalyze hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water o biologically, this enzyme is vital in protecting the cell from the damages caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) or the free radicals Amylase Enzyme o enzyme known to catalyze polysaccharides into simpler sugar molecules by hydrolyzing the glycosidic bonds present in polysaccharides o predominantly present in human saliva and is also secreted by the pancreas into the small intestines for continued breakdown of complex sugar molecules