Modern Biology 76 Answer Key

Practice Exam 3 1. Which of the below statements is/are true? a. Genes are different versions of an allele b. Alleles are different versions of a gene c. crossing over occurs in prophase d. crossing over occurs in interphase e. B and C 2. What type of gene helps transform a normal cell into a cancerous cell. a. carcinogene c. checkpoint gene b. p53 gene d. oncogene 3. Crossing over happens between _______. a. homologous chromosomes c. all chromosomes b. sister chromatids d. A and B 4. Where is this cell at in which phase of which cell cycle? a. prophase b. metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase 5. What are the alternate versions of a gene called? a. locus c. homologs b. alleles d. none of the above e. none of the above 6. Place these generations in order from first to last. X – F1 Y – F2 Z–P a. X-Y-Z c. Y-Z-X b. Z-Y-X d. Z-X-Y Use the picture below to answer the following questions. 7. What phase is this cell a. Interphase c. telophase b. metaphase d. anaphase 8. What is the structure that the arrow is pointing to? a. metaphase plate c. cytokine b. cleavage furrow d. centriole 9. If you look through a microscope, what can you look for to see the start of mitosis? a. the chromosomes are lined up in the middle b. the chromosomes duplicate c. the chromosomes condense d. the centrosomes have formed e. C and D f. All of the above 10. Which cellular process increases genetic diversity. a. Interphase c. Meiosis e. A and C b. Mitosis d. all of the above 11. Meiosis II has a separate Interphase from Meiosis I a. True b. False Match the photos below with their corresponding phases of the cell cycle. a. Prophase II b. Telophase I c. Metaphase I d. Anaphase e. Telophase II f. Anaphase I 12.D 14.F 16.B 18. Which of these parts of the cell cycle do not have a checkpoint a. G1 c. G2 e. A, C, and D b. S d. Metaphase f. B and D 13. E 14.A 17.C 19. If an organism is diploid, how many sets of chromosomes do they have in each of their cells? a. 1 c. 4 b. 2 d. not enough information given 20. What enzyme is responsible for synthesizing DNA during transcription? a. RNA Polymerase c. Helicase b. DNA Polymerase d. none of the above 21. All cells in the world experience mitosis a. true b. false 22. The result of mitosis is _________. a. 4 haploid cells b. 2 haploid cells c. 3 identical cells d. 4 identical cells e. 2 identical cells 23. Which human cells experience meiosis? a. gametes b. somatic cells c. A and B d. none of the above 24. Where is this cell at in which phase of which cell cycle? a. Telophase I b. Telophase c. Telophase II d. Cytokinesis e. none of the above 25. What has happened to these chromosomes? a. translocation b. duplication c. deletion d. inversion 26. In humans, brown hair is dominant to blonde hair. How is it possible for two brown haired individuals to have a blonde haired child and a brown haired child? a. it is not possible b. one of the parents have a codominant blonde allele c. both parents are heterozygous for blonde hair d. B and C are both possible options e. none of the above 27. Nondisjunction can result in _______ a. diploid c. trisomy b. monosomy d. haploid e. B and C f. none of the above 28. What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? a. Oxygen c. ATP e. any of them can be b. Nitrate d. NADH 29. Which phase of mitosis do we see the most cellular growth? a. G1 c. Prophase e. none of the above b. Interphase d. cytokinesis 30. A prokaryote going through Mitosis will duplicate its chromosomes before splitting. a. True b. False Use the photo below to answer the following questions. 31. What is the above photo called? a. genotype c. karyotype b. phenotype d. none of the above 32. In the photo above, what is the sex of the individual? a. male b. female 33. In the photo above, what (if any) is the chromosomal abnormality? a. XX syndrome c. trisomy 21 b. haploidy d. there are no abnormalities 34. In the photo above, how many sister chromatids are shown? a. 46 c. 2 b. 47 d. 0 35. In the photo above, how many sets of chromosomes are there? a. 2 c. 1 b. 23 d. 22 36. What is it called when more than one gene is required for the expression of one trait? a. incomplete dominance c. polygenetics e. none of the above b. codominance d. epistasis 37. Where is this cell at in which phase of which cell cycle? a. prophase b. metaphase c. metaphase II d. Telophase II 38. Put these in the correct order for mitosis: W. cytoplasmic division X. duplicate DNA Y. nuclear division Z. grow in size a. Z – X – Y – W b. W – Y – X – Z c. X – Z – Y – W d. Z – Y – X – W 39. Which phase of interphase would you expect to find helicase? a. G1 c. S e. B and C b. G2 d. A and B f. none of the above 40. Sister chromatids: a. are identical b. have the same genes but different alleles c. separate during Meiosis II d. all of the above e. A and C 41. Do Prokaryotes experience meiosis? a. yes c. some do b. no 42. What is the probability of two heterozygotes producing an offspring that is also a heterozygote? a. 25% c. 100% b. 50% d. 10% Use the photo below to answer the following questions. 43. What is the above photo called? a. karyotype c. genetic map b. pedigree d. none of the above 44. In the photo above, which individual(s) are expressing the trait studied? a. generation I, organism 2 b. generation I, organism 1 c. generation II organism 1 d. generation III, organism 1 e. generation III, organism 2 f. A and E g. B and D 45. In the photo above, which organism(s) are female? a. generation I, organism 2 b. generation 2, organism 1 c. generation II organism 3 d. none of the above 46. In snapdragon plants, a true breeding red strain is crossed with a true breeding white strain. If the alleles for red and white are codominant, what will the resulting offspring be? a. half will be all white and half will be all red b. they will all be red and white speckled c. 25% will be red, 25% will be white and 50% will be pink d. they will all be pink e. none of the above 47. How would you represent a diploid organism’s fertilization? a. 1n + 1n = 2n c. 2n + 2n = 2n b. 1n + 2n = 3n d. 2n + 2n = 4n 48. Which cells in human bodies experience mitosis? a. somatic cells b. gametes c. A and B d. none of the above 49. When the checkpoints in mitosis fail to catch problems with cell division and the cell divides uncontrollably, the result is ________. a. cytokinesis c. apoptosis b. cancer d. none of the above 50. An organism’s set of alleles is referred to as its _______. a. genotype c. karyotype e. none of the above b. phenotype d. locus 51. Codominant alleles can result in _______. a. blended colors c. equal expression of both alleles b. speckled patterns d. B and C e. none of the above 52. If the gene for a trait is on the female sex chromosome, the trait is said to be ______. a. autosomal c. Mendellian e. recessive b. dominant d. X-Linked Match the phase of the cell cycle with the corresponding photos. a. Interphase b. Prophase c. Metaphase d. Anaphase e. telophase f. cytokinesis 53.D 54.C 55.A 56.D 57.B 58. In the photo above, which of the labeled structures is the centrosome? a. c. b. d. 59. Which of these is not a part of Gene Expression? a. DNA Replication c. Translation b. Transcription d. all of them are part of gene expression 60. An organism that has two different alleles for a particular gene is called _____. a. homozygous c. homolog b. heterozygous d. twins 61. Which of these have an effect on an organism’s phenotype? a. genotype c. environment b. it’s mate’s genotyped. A and C 62. What is the end result of meiosis? a. 2 genetically distinct haploid gametes b. 4 genetically distinct haploid gametes c. 2 genetically identical haploid gametes d. 4 genetically identical haploid gametes 63. What has happened to this chromosome? Original Altered a. translocation b. duplication c. deletion d. inversion 64. It is possible to have more than two alleles for a given trait. a. true b. false 65. Where is a specific gene located on a chromosome? a. allele c. locus b. crossing over point d. genetic location 66. ATP is a special _________. a. Protein b. Chemical Bond c. phospholipid d. nucleotide 67. What part of a chromosome helps prevent the loss of genetic information? a. Telomerase c. Poly A tail b. Telomere d. Karyotype 68. An allele that can be masked by another allele is called ______. a. dominant b. recessive c. homologous d. none of the above 69. Incomplete dominance can result in __________. a. blended colors c. full expression of both alleles b. speckled patterns d. B and C e. none of the above 70. During Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes segregate ________. a. independent of each other c. after crossing over e. A and C b. in a particular order d. before crossing over f. none of the above 71. After Mitosis, how many chromosomes do the daughter cells have compared to the parent cell? a. half as many c. twice as many b. the same number d. it depends on the classification of cell 72. How many types of gametes for a particular allele will a homozygous organism produce? a. 1 c. 4 b. 2 d. it will vary in number 73. Which phase of the cell cycle do cells spend most of their time in? a. Meiosis c. Interphase b. Mitosis d. none of the above 74. An organism that has two copies of the same allele is called _______. a. homozygous c. homolog b. heterozygous d. twins 75. If a human cell is 2n, what are its cells after meiosis? a. 2n c. 1n b. 4n d. 3n 76. How can a true breeding brown cow and a true breeding white cow produce a tan calf? a. Cow hair color shows codominance b. Cow hair color shows incomplete dominance c. Cow hair color shows X-linkage d. A and B are both possible answers e. this is actually not a possible scenario