1. What was the first kind of ancient life? ________Tiny Protozoan_____________________ 2. What is every living being made of? _________Cells____________________ 3. All cells reproduce themselves by dividing into _____Two identical cells________________________ 4. What is the only living substance capable of reproducing itself exactly? ________DNA______ 5. How many chromosomes does each egg contain? ____23_________________________ 6. In which organ are human eggs stored? ______Ovaries_______________________ 7. How many egg cells are in each of the organs mentioned in question 6? ____1/4 million egg cells_________ 8. How big is an egg? Grain of rice_____________________________ 9. Along which structure does the egg travel from the ovary?_Fallopian tube____________________________ 10. What is the diameter of the structure in #9? Twice the thickness of a human hair_____________________________ 11. How long does it take the egg to travel the distance along the structure of #9 ___3-4 days_______ 12. What controls a woman’s reproductive cycle? ______Hormones_______________________ 13. How many sperm do men produce in their lifetime? _________400 billion____________________ 14. Where are sperm made? __created in testes___________________________ 15. Where are sperm stored just before ejaculation? ____testes and epididymis_________________________ 16. How many chromosomes does each sperm contain? _____23________________________ 17. Certain cells “care for” sperm cells, and they are called____nurse cells_________________________ 18. How many sperm are passed in each ejaculation? 2-3 mill_____________________________ 19. A sperm propels itself using a long tail called a __flagellum___________________________. 20. What is on the tip of a sperm? _____layer of enzymes_____________________________ 21. What percent of a man’s sperm are deformed or imperfect?______20%_______________________ 22. What are some of the common deformities of sperm? ___Two tails, three tails, heads appear to be really big,________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 23. What are some of the ways that sperm become deformed/defective? ____________ An elevation in temperature in the testicles, environmental conditions, overcrowding, stress, smoking, chemical pollution of air and water, occupational hazards, radiation, and poor nutrition. Even modern clothing_______________________________________________________ 24. What are the most responsive parts of the body called? ____erogenous zone________________________ 25. What is the total volume of ejaculate? _1/2 a teaspoon___________________________ 26. How long will sperm remain viable in the vagina? 28-48 hours____________________________ 27. A woman’s defense system sees the sperm as __unwelcomed cells__________ and __attacks______________ them. 28. _______strands of mucin______ in the woman’s vagina provides tiny, thin channels for the sperm to swim up towards the egg. 29. Once the sperm reach the openings to the fallopian tube, what percent chance will they of going towards the fallopian tube with the egg in it? _____99.9%_______________________ 30. The ___cillia______ in the fallopian tube create a downward current that the sperm must swim against. 31. How many sperm reach the egg? ____50________________________ 32. What is the purpose of the digestive enzymes on the tip of the sperm head? _______to break through the protective mutative layer to reach the egg_________________________________________________________________________ 33. What is “fertilization”? ___implantation of a sperm cell on the egg_____________________________________________________ 34. How many sperm will be allowed inside the egg, and why? ___1_________________________ 35. How soon does the fertilized egg begin to divide? __24 hours__________________________ 36. What is the fertilized, dividing egg called? Zygote____________________________ 37. What is the 5-day old bundle of cells called? Blastocyst____________________ Is it bigger than the original egg? No____________________________ 38. In which organ does the fertilized egg attach and grow?_____Lining of the uterus_______________________ 39. After 2 weeks, the embryo is 1/10th of an inch long 40. What structure is the embryo attached to the uterus with? _placenta___________________________ 41. At ___4 weeks_______ the embryo has armbuds______________ and the beginning of eyes. 42. At ____7 weeks______ the embryo is ¾ of an inch long, and it has hands and can move its hands with clearly defined fingers, internal organs are visible, and eye lenses are formed, skull bones are growing together________, 43. At 10 weeks the embryo is considered to be a ___getus_____, and is ___2___ inches long 44. While in the uterus, the fetus “breathes” in and out the ___amniotic____________fluid.