A 35-year-old woman presents at the emergency department with complaints of worsening shortness of breath over the last week. She has a history of seasonal allergies and asthma, usually well-controlled with an inhaler. She denies any recent travel or sick contacts. On examination, she is using accessory respiratory muscles, and there are bilateral wheezes heard on auscultation. Her oxygen saturation is 88% on room air. Chest X-ray reveals bilateral infiltrates. Based on the case above, is it include in respiratory distress? Describe disorders of the respiratory system! Yes, it is. Disorders of the respiratory system are usually caused by disorders and diseases that attack the respiratory organs.Several types of disorders and diseases of the respiratory system are as follows. a. Asphyxiation, namely an abnormality or disruption in the transport of oxygen to tissues or interference with the use of oxygen by tissues. The cause can be located in the lungs, in the blood vessels, or in body tissues. For example: a person who drowns, his alveoli fill with water; people suffering from pneumonia, the alveoli are filled with lymph fluid; and people who are poisoned by carbon monoxide and cyanide acid, whose Hb is contaminated by these toxic substances. Carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning occur because these two substances have a greater affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen. b. Narrowing or blockage of the airways can be caused by swollen lymph glands, for example polyps (in the nose) and tonsils (in the throat), which causes narrowing of the respiratory tract, giving the impression of a stupid face and is often called an adenoid face. This narrowing can also occur because the airways are narrowed due to allergies, for example in bronchial asthma. c. Anthracosis, which is a disorder of the respiratory system caused by the entry of mining dust. If silicate dust enters, it is called silicosis. d. Bronchitis, occurs due to inflammation of the bronchi. e. Pleuritis, namely inflammation of the membrane (pleura) because the pleura experiences an increase in intrapleural fluid, resulting in pain when breathing. f. Tuberculosis (TB), a lung disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is characterized by the formation of small spots on the walls of the alveoli. g. Pneumonia or logensteking, namely an inflammatory lung disease caused by Diplococcus pneumoniae. h. Diphtheria diseases, for example diphtheria of the throat, throat and nasal diphtheria. This disease usually attacks a child's upper respiratory tract. The germ that causes it is Corynebacterium diphteriae. The diphtheria germs release poison and if this poison circulates with the blood, it will damage the lining of the heart. i. Pharyngitis, namely infection of the pharynx by bacteria and viruses.The symptom is that the esophagus feels painful when swallowing. j. Tonsillitis, which is inflammation due to infection by certain bacteria in the tonsils. Symptoms are a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, increased body temperature, fever, and sore muscles. k. Lung cancer, commonly suffered by smokers. This cancer is caused by a malignant tumor that forms in the bronchiolar epithelium. l. Asthma, which is a disorder of the respiratory tract caused by contraction of the smooth muscles in the trachea.This will make it difficult for sufferers to breathe. m. Influenza is caused by a virus that causes inflammation of the mucous membranes in the respiratory tract. n. Emphysema, which is a disease that occurs due to abnormalities in the structure and function of the alveoli. a result, there is inefficiency in O2 binding so that breathing becomes difficult.