Carbon Periodic Table Information: Period Number: 2 Other elements in its period: Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), and Neon (Ne). Group Number: 14 Group Name: Tetrels Other elements in its group: Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb), and Flerovium (Fl) Chemical Properties: Representative or Transition: Representative Electron Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p² Stable Isotopes: Carbon-12 (¹²C) Carbon-13 (¹³C) Lewis Dot Structure: Symbol: Origin of Symbol: The symbol for carbon, C, comes from the Latin word "carbo", which means "charcoal" or "coal". This name reflects the element's historical association with carbon-containing substances like charcoal, which were known and used by humans long before the element was formally recognized in its scientific context. Properties: Atomic Number: 6 Protons: 6 Electrons: 6 Neutrons: 6 Atomic Mass: 12.01 amu Physical Properties: Melting Point:3,000-3,500 °C Boiling Point: Roughly 4,827 °C Density: 2.26g/cm-3.51g/cm Color: Colorless or black/gray State: Solid Metal or Nonmetal: Nonmetal Discovery: Who discovered it: Antoine Lavoisier Where it was discovered: Not discovered in a specific place. When it was discovered: 3750 BCE How it was discovered: Early Use and Recognition, charcoal for example. Uses: Fuel: Carbon is a key component of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, and petroleum, which are used for energy production and heating. Charcoal: Used in cooking (barbecuing), filtration, and as an industrial reducing agent. Diamonds: Used in jewelry, cutting tools, and industrial applications due to their hardness.