Cardiovascular System Anatomy and Physiology Quiz (Answers)

1.! Pulmonary veins deliver freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the a) right ventricle b) left ventricle c) right atrium d) left atrium 2.! Given an end-diastolic volume of 150 mL, an end-systolic volume of 50 mL, and a heart rate of 60 bpm, the cardiac output is a) 600 mL/min b) 6 liters / min c) 1200 mL/min d) 3 liters/ min 3.! Which of the following depolarizes next after the AV node? a) atrial myocardium b) ventricular myocardium c) bundle branches d) AV bundle 4.! During atrial systole, a) the atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure b) 70 percent of ventricular filling occurs c) the AV valves are open d) valves prevent back flow into the great veins 5.! Atrial repolarization coincides in time with the a) P wave b) T wave c) QRS wave d) P-Q interval 6.! Soon after the onset of ventricular systole, the a) AV valves close b) semilunar valves open c) first heart sound is heard d) aortic pressure increases 7.! The base of the heart is its ________ surface a) diaphragmatic b) superior c) anterior d) inferior 8.! In comparing a parallel artery and vein, you would find that a) the artery wall is thicker b) the artery diameter is greater c) the artery lumen is smaller d) the artery endothelium is thicker 9.! A stroke that occludes a posterior cerebral artery will most likely affect a) hearing b) vision c) smell d) higher thought processes 1.! Cardiac output is __________. a)! the amount of blood filling each ventricle at the end of diastole b)! the amount of blood pumped out of the heart during every ventricular contraction c)! the number of impulses fired by the SA node in one minute d)! the amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute e)! the number of times the heart beats in one minute 2.! Choose the correct sequence of current flow through the heart wall. a)! AV node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches b)! SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers c)! AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches d)! SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches e)! Purkinje fibers, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, SA node 3.! During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the __________. a)! right atrium and goes directly to the left ventricle b)! right ventricle and goes directly to the aorta c)! right ventricle and moves to the lungs d)! right atrium and goes directly to the lungs e)! left ventricle and moves to the lungs 4.! During systemic circulation, blood leaves the __________. a)! right ventricle and moves to the lungs b)! right ventricle and goes directly to the aorta c)! right atrium and goes directly to the lungs d)! lungs and moves to the left atrium e)! left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta 5.! Identify the correct sequence of blood flow through the chambers of the heart. a)! left ventricle, left atrium, lungs, right ventricle, right atrium b)! right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrium, lungs, right atrium c)! left atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, right atrium, lungs d)! right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle e)! lungs, right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, left atrium 6.! The absolute refractory period refers to the time during which __________. a)! a skeletal muscle cannot respond to any stimulus and lasts about 250 milliseconds b)! the muscle cell is ready to respond to a threshold stimulus c)! the muscle cell is not in a position to respond to a stimulus of any strength d)! the muscle cell is ready to respond to any stimulus e)! a cardiac muscle cannot respond to any stimulus and lasts only 1 to 2 milliseconds 7.! The cardiac cycle includes all of the following events EXCEPT __________. a)! the movement of impulse from the SA node to all regions of the heart wall b)! the closing and opening of the heart valves during each heartbeat c)! the changes in pressure gradients in all chambers of the heart d)! the number of times the heart beats in one minute e)! the changes in blood volume in all chambers of the heart 8.! The coronary arteries arise from the __________. a)! right atrium b)! Pulmanary trunk c)! superior vena cava d)! aorta e)! inferior vena cava 9.! The endocardium is composed of __________. a)! simple columnar epithelium b)! cardiac muscle cells c)! simple squamous epithelium d)! simple cuboidal epithelium e)! stratified squamous epithelium 10.!The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the__________. a)! right ventricle b)! left ventricle c)! left atrium d)! right atrium e)! aorta 11.!The inner lining of the fibrous pericardium is formed by the __________. a)! endocardium b)! myocardium c)! epicardium d)! parietal layer of serous pericardium e)! pericardial cavity f)! diaphragm 12.!The interventricular septum forms a dividing wall between the __________. a)! left atrium and left ventricle b)! Right ventricle and left atrium c)! left atrium and right atrium d)! right atrium and right ventricle e)! left and right ventricles 13.!The normal pacemaker of the heart is the __________. a)! the bundle branches b)! AV node c)! SA node d)! Purkinje fibers e)! AV bundle 14.!The tricuspid valve is located between the __________. a)! right and left atria b)! left atrium and left ventricle c)! right and left ventricles d)! right ventricle and the aorta e)! right atrium and right ventricle 15.!When the mitral valve closes, it prevents the backflow of blood from the __________. a)! left ventricle into the aorta b)! left ventricle into the left atrium c)! right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk d)! left atrium into the left ventricle e)! right atrium into the right ventricle 16.!Which is the correct sequence of layers in the heart wall, starting with the outer layer? a)! endocardium, epicardium, myocardium b)! endocardium, smooth muscle, epicardium c)! epicardium, myocardium, endocardium d)! myocardium, pericardium, endocardium e)! parietal pericardium, myocardium, endocardium 17.!Which of the following statements is NOT true about the shape, position, and location of the heart? a)! The heart is shaped like a cone with the base facing the right shoulder. b)! The heart is located between the two lungs within the mediastinum. c)! Approximately two-thirds of the heart is found to the left of the midline. d)! The heart is enclosed in a double-layered sac called the pleural membrane. 18.!The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardium are called __________. a)! coronary veins b)! pulmonary veins c)! coronary arteries d)! pulmonary arteries e)! aortic arteries 19.!The cells of the myocardium behave as a single, coordinated unit called a __________. A)cardiac cycle B)pacemaker C)sarcomere D)contractile unit E)functional syncytium 20.!The ability of some cardiac muscle cells to initiate their own depolarization and cause depolarization of the rest of the heart is called __________. A)automaticity B)fibrillation C)an action potential E)a functional syncytium F)the absolute refractory period 21.!Guided by powerful signaling molecules, the human heart develops from __________. a)! ectoderm b)! mesoderm c)! cardioderm d)! endoderm 22.!Which of the following structures lies on the outside surface of the heart and is an integral part of the cardiac wall? a)! the fibrous pericardium b)! the epicardium a)! the pericardial sac b)! the parietal layer of serous pericardium 23.!The trabeculae carneae are located in the __________. a)! atrium b)! endocardium c)! ventricles d)! epicardium 24.!What part of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump? a)! the right ventricle b)! the left atrium c)! the left ventricle d)! the right atrium 25.!The __________ are attached to the AV valve flaps. a)! rabeculae carneae b)! pectinate muscles c)! chordae tendineae d)! papillary muscles 26.!Which of the following valves is most often faulty in the heart? a)! the pulmonary semilunar valve b)! the tricuspid valve c)! the mitral, or bicuspid, valve d)! the aortic semilunar valve 27.!Which of the following factors gives the myocardium its high resistance to fatigue? a)! gap junctions b)! the coronary circulation c)! the presence of intercalated discs d)! a very large number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm 28.!The __________ nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the sinoatrial (SA) node. a)! hypoglossal b)! vagus c)! facial d)! accessory 29.!An enlarged R wave on an ECG would indicate __________. a)! cardiac ischemia b)! repolarization abnormalities c)! a myocardial infarction d)! an enlarged ventricle 30.!A doctor puts his stethoscope on a patient's chest over the location of the heart and hears a swishing sound. Which of the following conditions is the best diagnosis for the patient's condition? a)! incompetent cardiac valve b)! myocardial infarction c)! angina pectoris d)! cardiac tamponade 31.!Which of the following is NOT a role of the pericardium? a)! It protects the heart. b)! It anchors the heart to surrounding structures. c)! It prevents the heart from overfilling with blood. d)! It facilitates heart contraction. 32.!The lining of the heart chambers is called the __________. a)! myocardium b)! epicardium c)! endocardium d)! pericardium 33.!The superior chambers of the heart are called the __________. a)! atria b)! ventricles c)! cavae d)! coronary chambers 34.!Freshly oxygenated blood is delivered to the __________ and then it passes into the __________ to be pumped to the entire body. a)! right ventricle; right atrium b)! right atrium; right ventricle c)! left ventricle; left atrium d)! left atrium; left ventricle 35.!Into which chamber of the heart do the pulmonary veins deliver blood? a)! right ventricle b)! right atrium c)! left ventricle d)! left atrium 36.!right marginal artery a)! supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle b)! supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles c)! supplies blood to the lateral right side of the myocardium d)! runs to the apex of the heart 37.!posterior interventricular artery a)! supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle b)! supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles c)! supplies blood to the lateral right side of the myocardium d)! runs to the apex of the heart 38.!anterior interventricular artery a)! supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle b)! supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles c)! supplies blood to the lateral right side of the myocardium d)! runs to the apex of the heart 39.!circumflex artery a)! supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle b)! supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles c)! supplies blood to the lateral right side of the myocardium d)! runs to the apex of the heart 40.!The most muscular chamber of the heart is the __________. a)! left atrium b)! right atrium c)! right ventricle d)! left ventricle 41.!tricuspid valve a)! prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle b)! valve between the right atrium and right ventricle c)! prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle d)! valve between the left atrium and left ventricle 42.!mitral valve a)! prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle b)! valve between the right atrium and right ventricle c)! prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle d)! valve between the left atrium and left ventricle 43.!aortic semilunar valve a)! prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle b)! valve between the right atrium and right ventricle c)! prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle d)! valve between the left atrium and left ventricle 44.!pulmonary semilunar valve a)! prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle b)! valve between the right atrium and right ventricle c)! prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle d)! valve between the left atrium and left ventricle 45.!Which of the following is a difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle? a)! Unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells can be autorhythmic. b)! Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is not striated. c)! Unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells do not rely on an influx of calcium ions for depolarization. d)! Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle does not use a sliding filament mechanism for contraction. 46.!The role of the atrioventricular node (AV node) is to __________. a)! slow down impulses so that the atria can contract to fill the adjacent ventricles with blood b)! initiate a sinus rhythm c)! conduct impulses to the sinoatrial node (SA node) d)! initiate ventricular depolarization 47.!Which is correctly paired? a)! heart block: uncoordinated atrial and ventricular contraction b)! arrhythmia: AV node failure c)! fibrillation: premature contraction d)! ectopic focus: an abnormal pacemaker 48.!The P wave of an electrocardiogram represents __________. a)! atrial repolarization b)! ventricular repolarization c)! atrial depolarization d)! ventricular depolarization 49.!The second heart sound (the 'dup' of 'lub-dup') is caused by the __________. a)! opening of the semilunar valves b)! closure of the atrioventricular valves c)! opening of the atrioventricular valves d)! closure of the semilunar valves 50.!cardiac cycle a)! contraction b)! relaxation c)! the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle with each heartbeat d)! the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute e)! the events associated with blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat 51.!systole a)! contraction b)! relaxation c)! the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle with each heartbeat d)! the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute e)! the events associated with blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat 52.!diastole a)! contraction b)! relaxation c)! the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle with each heartbeat d)! the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute e)! the events associated with blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat 53.!stroke volume a)! contraction b)! relaxation c)! the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle with each heartbeat d)! the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute e)! the events associated with blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat 54.!cardiac output a)! contraction b)! B)relaxation c)! C)the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle with each heartbeat d)! D)the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute e)! E)the events associated with blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat 55.!Which of the following would lead to a decrease in heart rate? a)! norepinephrine b)! exercise c)! parasympathetic stimulation d)! sharply decreased blood volume 56.!True or False •! In the fetus, blood from the left and right sides of the heart normally mix.