University:
San Jose State University
Course:
BIOL 065 | Human Anatomy
Academic year:

2022
Views:

145

Pages:

4
Author:

rehinhea0c

Blood and the cardiovascular system ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE BODY: cardiovascular system Cardiovascular/Circulatory System • Heart and system of vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) • Circulate blood in a closed system • Transportation (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, etc) Blood: major transportation system in the body; consists of plasma (gasses, proteins, ions, water) and formed elements (cells) Heart: muscular organ that consists of 4 chambers; coordinated contractions ensure circulation of blood throughout the body HEART FUNCTION AND BLOOD CIRCULATION • • • Protected in the thoracic cavity between the sternum and thoracic vertebrae Hollow organ – 4 chambers: 2 atria (upper chambers) 2 ventricles (lower chambers) 4 valves: 2 Atrioventricular valves (AV) 2 semilunar valves (SL) Cardiac output: 5L/min in normal resting adult, compare this with 4-6L of blood in circulation HEART FUNCTION AND BLOOD CIRCULATION 2 Atria (1 atrium): • Upper chambers of the heart • Compared to ventricles: smaller, thinner walls, and less muscular • “receiving chambers” – blood enters from the veins 2 ventricles: • Lower chambers of the heart • “discharging chambers” – blood pumped out of heart into arteries via the ventricles LV RV