Chapter 15 Multiple Choice Answer Key

Chapter 15 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The value of Keq for the equilibrium H2 (g) + I2 (g) 1) 2 HI (g) is 794 at 25 °C. What is the value of Keq for the equilibrium below? 1/2 H2 (g) + 1/2 I2 (g) A) 1588 HI (g) B) 0.035 C) 28 D) 397 E) 0.0013 2) The value of Keq for the equilibrium H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2) 2 HI (g) is 794 at 25 °C. At this temperature, what is the value of Keq for the equilibrium below? HI (g) 1/2 H2 (g) + 1/2 I2 (g) A) 0.0013 B) 28 C) 0.035 D) 397 3) The value of Keq for the equilibrium H2 (g) + I2 (g) 3) 2 HI (g) is 54.0 at 427 °C. What is the value of Keq for the equilibrium below? HI (g) E) 1588 1/2 H2 (g) + 1/2 I2 (g) A) 27 B) 0.136 C) 2.92 × 103 D) 7.35 E) 3.43 × 10-4 1 4) Consider the following chemical reaction: H2 (g) + I2 (g) 4) 2HI (g) At equilibrium in a particular experiment, the concentrations of H2, I2 , and HI were 0.15 M, 0.033 M, and 0.55 M, respectively. The value of Keq for this reaction is __________. A) 61 B) 9.0 × 10-3 C) 23 D) 111 E) 6.1 5) A reaction vessel is charged with hydrogen iodide, which partially decomposes to molecular hydrogen and iodine: 2HI (g) 5) H2(g) + I2 (g) When the system comes to equilibrium at 425 °C, PHI = 0.708 atm, and PH2 = PI2 = 0.0960 atm. The value of Kp at this temperature is __________. A) 6.80 × 10-2 B) 1.84 × 10-2 C) Kp cannot be calculated for this gas reaction when the volume of the reaction vessel is not given. D) 1.30 × 10-2 E) 54.3 6) Acetic acid is a weak acid that dissociates into the acetate ion and a proton in aqueous solution: HC2 H3O2 (aq) C2 H3 O2 - (aq) + H+ (aq) At equilibrium at 25 °C a 0.100 M solution of acetic acid has the following concentrations: [HC2 H3 O2] = 0.0990 M, [C2 H3 O2- ] = 1.33 × 10-3 M, and [H+ ] = 1.33 × 10-3 M. The equilibrium constant, Keq, for the ionization of acetic acid at 25 °C is __________. A) 5.71 × 104 B) 1.79 × 10-5 C) 1.75 × 10-7 D) 0.100 E) 5.71 × 106 2 6) 7) At elevated temperatures, molecular hydrogen and molecular bromine react to partially form hydrogen bromide: H2 (g) + Br2 (g) 7) 2HBr (g) A mixture of 0.682 mol of H2 and 0.440 mol of Br2 is combined in a reaction vessel with a volume of 2.00 L. At equilibrium at 700 K, there are 0.566 mol of H2 present. At equilibrium, there are __________ mol of Br2 present in the reaction vessel. A) 0.440 B) 0.324 C) 0.000 D) 0.566 E) 0.232 8) Dinitrogentetraoxide partially decomposes according to the following equilibrium: N2O4 (g) 8) 2NO2 (g) A 1.00-L flask is charged with 0.400 mol of N2 O4 . At equilibrium at 373 K, 0.0055 mol of N2 O4 remains. Keq for this reaction is __________. A) 2.2 × 10-4 B) 13 C) 0.22 D) 0.87 E) 0.022 9) At 200 °C, the equilibrium constant (Kp) for the reaction below is 2.40 × 103 . 2NO (g) 9) N2 (g) + O2 (g) A closed vessel is charged with 36.1 atm of NO. At equilibrium, the partial pressure of O2 is __________ atm. A) 18.1 B) 1.50 × 10-2 C) 294 D) 6.00 E) 35.7 10) At 22 °C, Kp = 0.070 for the equilibrium: NH4 HS (s) 10) NH3 (g) + H2 S (g) A sample of solid NH4 HS is placed in a closed vessel and allowed to equilibrate. Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure (atm) of ammonia, assuming that some solid NH4 HS remains. A) 0.52 B) 0.26 C) 3.8 D) 0.070 3 E) 4.9 × 10-3 11) In the coal-gasification process, carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide via the following reaction: CO (g) + H2 O (g) 11) CO2 (g) + H2 (g) In an experiment, 0.35 mol of CO and 0.40 mol of H2O were placed in a 1.00-L reaction vessel. At equilibrium, there were 0.19 mol of CO remaining. Keq at the temperature of the experiment is __________. A) 5.47 B) 1.0 C) 1.78 D) 0.75 E) 0.56 12) A sealed 1.0 L flask is charged with 0.500 mol of I2 and 0.500 mol of Br2. An equilibrium reaction 12) ensues: I2 (g) + Br2 (g) 2IBr (g) When the container contents achieve equilibrium, the flask contains 0.84 mol of IBr. The value of Keq is __________. A) 4.0 B) 110 C) 11 D) 2.8 E) 6.1 13) The equilibrium constant (Kp) for the interconversion of PCl5 and PCl3 is 0.0121: PCl5 (g) 13) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) A vessel is charged with PCl5, giving an initial pressure of 0.123 atm. At equilibrium, the partial pressure of PCl3 is __________ atm. A) 0.123 B) 0.045 C) 0.090 D) 0.078 E) 0.033 14) Kp = 0.0198 at 721 K for the reaction 2HI (g) 14) H2 (g) + I2 (g) In a particular experiment, the partial pressures of H2 and I2 at equilibrium are 0.710 and 0.888 atm, respectively. The partial pressure of HI is __________ atm. A) 0.125 B) 7.87 C) 5.64 D) 1.98 15) At equilibrium, __________. E) 0.389 15) A) all chemical reactions have ceased B) the rate constants of the forward and reverse reactions are equal C) the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal D) the value of the equilibrium constant is 1 E) the limiting reagent has been consumed 4 16) What role did Karl Bosch play in development of the Haber-Bosch process? 16) A) Haber was working in his lab with his instructor at the time he worked out the process. B) He originally isolated ammonia from camel dung and found a method for purifying it. C) He developed the equipment necessary for industrial production of ammonia. D) He was the German industrialist who financed the research done by Haber. E) He discovered the reaction conditions necessary for formation of ammonia. 17) In what year was Fritz Haber awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his development of a process for synthesizing ammonia directly from nitrogen and hydrogen? A) 1954 B) 1912 C) 1933 D) 1900 17) E) 1918 18) Which one of the following is true concerning the Haber process? 18) A) It is another way of stating LeChatelier's principle. B) It is an industrial synthesis of sodium chloride that was discovered by Karl Haber. C) It is a process for the synthesis of elemental chlorine. D) It is a process used for the synthesis of ammonia. E) It is a process used for shifting equilibrium positions to the right for more economical chemical synthesis of a variety of substances. 19) Which one of the following will change the value of an equilibrium constant? 19) A) adding other substances that do not react with any of the species involved in the equilibrium B) varying the initial concentrations of products C) changing temperature D) varying the initial concentrations of reactants E) changing the volume of the reaction vessel 20) The equilibrium-constant expression depends on the __________ of the reaction. 20) A) the quantities of reactants and products initially present B) stoichiometry and mechanism C) mechanism D) stoichiometry E) temperature 21) The relationship between the rate constants for the forward and reverse reactions and the equilibrium constant for the process is Keq = __________. A) kf/kr B) kfkr C) kf - kr 5 D) kf + kr E) kr/kf 21) 22) The equilibrium constant for the gas phase reaction N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 22) 2NH3 (g) is Keq = 4.34 × 10-3 at 300 °C. At equilibrium, __________. A) roughly equal amounts of products and reactants are present B) products predominate C) reactants predominate D) only reactants are present E) only products are present 23) The equilibrium constant for the gas phase reaction 2NH3 (g) 23) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) is Keq = 230 at 300 °C. At equilibrium, __________. A) reactants predominate B) products predominate C) only products are present D) roughly equal amounts of products and reactants are present E) only reactants are present 24) The equilibrium constant for reaction 1 is K. The equilibrium constant for reaction 2 is __________. 24) (1) SO2 (g) + (1/2) O2 (g) SO3 (g) 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) (2) 2SO3 (g) B) 1/K2 A) 2K C) K2 D) -K2 E) 1/2K 25) The value of Keq for the following reaction is 0.25: SO2 (g) + NO2 (g) 25) SO3 (g) + NO (g) The value of Keq at the same temperature for the reaction below is __________. 2SO2 (g) + 2NO2 (g) A) 0.12 B) 0.25 2SO3 (g) + 2NO (g) C) 0.062 6 D) 0.50 E) 16 26) Which of the following expressions is the correct equilibrium-constant expression for the equilibrium between dinitrogen tetroxide and nitrogen dioxide? N2 O4 (g) 26) 2NO 2 (g) A) [NO2 ][N2 O4 ] B) [NO2 ] [N2 O4 ] C) [NO2 ]2 [N2 O4] D) [NO2]2 [N2 O4 ] E) [NO2 ] [N2 O4 ]2 27) The equilibrium expression for Kp for the reaction below is __________. 2O3 (g) 2PO3 A) 3PO2 27) 3O2 (g) PO23 B) PO32 PO32 C) PO22 D) 3PO3 2PO2 28) The Keq for the equilibrium below is 7.52 × 10-2 at 480 °C. 2Cl 2 (g) + 2H2O (g) 4HCl (g) + O2 (g) What is the value of Keq at this temperature for the following reaction? Cl2 (g) + H2 O (g) 2HCl (g) + 1 O (g) 2 2 A) 5.66 × 10-3 B) 0.274 C) 0.0752 D) 0.0376 E) 0.150 7 E) 3PO2 2PO3 28) 29) The Keq for the equilibrium below is 7.52 × 10-2 at 480 °C. 2Cl 2 (g) + 2H2O (g) 29) 4HCl (g) + O 2 (g) What is the value of Keq at this temperature for the following reaction? 4HCl (g) + O2 (g) 2Cl2 (g) + 2H2 O (g) A) 5.66 × 10-3 B) 0.0752 C) -0.0752 D) 13.3 E) 0.150 30) The Keq for the equilibrium below is 7.52 × 10-2 at 480 °C. 2Cl 2 (g) + 2H2O (g) 30) 4HCl (g) + O 2 (g) What is the value of Keq at this temperature for the following reaction? 2HCl (g) + 1 O (g) 2 2 Cl2 (g) + H2 O (g) A) 0.274 B) 3.65 C) -0.0376 D) 5.66 × 10-3 E) 13.3 31) The Keq for the equilibrium below is 0.112 at 700 °C. 1 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 31) SO 3 (g) What is the value of Keq at this temperature for the following reaction? 2SO 2 (g) + O2 (g) A) 0.112 2SO3 (g) B) 0.0125 C) 0.0560 8 D) 0.335 E) 0.224 32) The Keq for the equilibrium below is 0.112 at 700 °C. 1 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 32) SO 3 (g) What is the value of Keq at this temperature for the following reaction? SO3 (g) A) 0.112 SO 2 (g) + 1 O (g) 2 2 B) -0.112 C) 0.0125 D) 0.224 E) 8.93 33) The Keq for the equilibrium below is 0.112 at 700 °C. 1 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 33) SO 3 (g) What is the value of Keq at this temperature for the following reaction? 2SO 3 (g) A) 4.46 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) B) 8.93 C) 79.7 D) 2.99 E) 17.86 34) At 1000 K, the equilibrium constant for the reaction 2NO (g) + Br2 (g) 34) 2NOBr (g) is Kp = 0.013. Calculate Kp for the reverse reaction, 2NOBr (g) A) 0.013 2NO (g) + Br2 (g). B) 0.99 C) 77 D) 1.1 E) 1.6 × 10-4 35) Consider the following equilibrium. 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 35) 2 SO3 (g) The equilibrium cannot be established when __________ is/are placed in a 1.0-L container. A) 0.75 mol SO2 (g) B) 0.25 mol of SO2 (g) and 0.25 mol of SO3 (g) C) 1.0 mol SO3 (g) D) 0.50 mol O2 (g) and 0.50 mol SO3 (g) E) 0.25 mol SO2 (g) and 0.25 mol O2 (g) 9 36) The expression for Kp for the reaction below is __________. 4CuO (s) + CH4 (g) A) PCO2 PH2O 2 B) PCO2 PH2O 2 C) [Cu] PCO2 PH2O 2 D) E) CO2 (g) + 4Cu (s) + 2H2O (g) PCH4 PCuO [CuO]4 PCH4 PCH4 PCO2 PH22 PCH4 PH2O 2 PCO2 37) The equilibrium-constant expression for the reaction Ti (s) + 2Cl2 (g) TiCl4 (l) is given by A) B) C) D) 36) [Ti (s)] [Cl2 ( g)]2 [TiCl4(l)] [TiCl4 (l)] [Ti (s)] [Cl2 ( g)]2 [TiCl4 (l)] [Ti (s)] [Cl2 (g)] [TiCl4 (l)] [Cl2 (g)]2 E) [Cl2 (g)]-2 10 37) 38) At 400 K, the equilibrium constant for the reaction Br2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 38) 2BrCl (g) is Kp = 7.0. A closed vessel at 400 K is charged with 1.00 atm of Br2 (g), 1.00 atm of Cl2 (g), and 2.00 atm of BrCl (g). Use Q to determine which of the statements below is true. A) The equilibrium partial pressure of Br2 will be greater than 1.00 atm. B) At equilibrium, the total pressure in the vessel will be less than the initial total pressure. C) The reaction will go to completion since there are equal amounts of Br2 and Cl2 . D) The equilibrium partial pressure of BrCl (g) will be greater than 2.00 atm. E) The equilibrium partial pressures of Br2, Cl2 , and BrCl will be the same as the initial values. 39) How does the reaction quotient of a reaction (Q) differ from the equilibrium constant (Keq) of the 39) same reaction? A) Q does not change with temperature. B) Q does not depend on the concentrations or partial pressures of reaction components. C) K does not depend on the concentrations or partial pressures of reaction components. D) Keq does not change with temperature, whereas Q is temperature dependent. E) Q is the same as Keq when a reaction is at equilibrium. 40) How is the reaction quotient used to determine whether a system is at equilibrium? 40) A) At equilibrium, the reaction quotient is undefined. B) The reaction is at equilibrium when Q = Keq. C) The reaction is at equilibrium when Q > Keq. D) The reaction is at equilibrium when Q < Keq. E) The reaction quotient must be satisfied for equilibrium to be achieved. 41) Nitrosyl bromide decomposes according to the following equation. 2NOBr (g) 41) 2NO (g) + Br2 (g) A sample of NOBr (0.64 mol) was placed in a 1.00-L flask containing no NO or Br2. At equilibrium the flask contained 0.46 mol of NOBr. How many moles of NO and Br2, respectively, are in the flask at equilibrium? A) 0.18, 0.18 B) 0.18, 0.090 C) 0.46, 0.46 11 D) 0.46, 0.23 E) 0.18, 0.360 42) Of the following equilibria, only __________ will shift to the left in response to a decrease in volume. A) 4 Fe (s) + 3 O2 (g) B) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) C) 2HI (g) D) 2 SO3 (g) 2 Fe2 O3 (s) 2 HCl (g) H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) E) N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g) 43) Of the following equilibria, only __________ will shift to the left in response to a decrease in volume. A) 4 Fe (s) + 3 O2 (g) B) 2HI (g) C) 2 SO3 (g) 42) 43) 2 Fe2 O3 (s) H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) D) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) E) N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 HCl (g) 2 NH3 (g) 44) The reaction below is exothermic: 2SO 2 (g) + O2 (g) 44) 2SO3 (g) ^ Le Cha telier's Principle predicts that __________ will result in an increase in the number of moles of SO3 (g) in the reaction container. A) increasing the pressure B) increasing the volume of the container C) removing some oxygen D) decreasing the pressure E) increasing the temperature 12 45) For the endothermic reaction CaCO3 (s) 45) CaO (s) + CO2 (g) ^ Le Cha telier's principle predicts that __________ will result in an increase in the number of moles of CO2. A) decreasing the temperature B) removing some of the CaCO3 (s) C) increasing the pressure D) increasing the temperature E) adding more CaCO3 (s) 46) In which of the following reactions would increasing pressure at constant temperature not change ^ the concentrations of reactants and products, based on Le Cha telier's principle? A) 2N2 (g) + O2 (g) B) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) C) N2 (g) + O2 (g) D) N2O4 (g) 2N2 O (g) 2NH3 (g) 2NO (g) 2NO2 (g) E) N2 (g) + 2O2 (g) 2NO2 (g) 47) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: 2NH3 (g) 46) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 47) ΔH° = +92.4 kJ ^ Le Cha telier's principle predicts that adding N2 (g) to the system at equilibrium will result in __________. A) a decrease in the concentration of H2 (g) B) a lower partial pressure of N2 C) a decrease in the concentration of NH3 (g) D) removal of all of the H2 (g) E) an increase in the value of the equilibrium constant 13 48) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: 2NH3 (g) 48) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ^ Le Cha telier's principle predicts that the moles of H2 in the reaction container will increase with __________ A) some removal of NH3 from the reaction vessel (V and T constant) B) an increase in total pressure by the addition of helium gas (V and T constant) C) addition of some N2 to the reaction vessel (V and T constant) D) a decrease in the total volume of the reaction vessel (T constant) E) a decrease in the total pressure (T constant) 49) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: 2CO2 (g) 2CO (g) + O2 (g) 49) ΔH° = -514 kJ ^ Le Cha telier's principle predicts that adding O2 (g) to the reaction container will __________. A) decrease the partial pressure of CO2 (g) at equilibrium B) increase the value of the equilibrium constant C) increase the partial pressure of CO2 (g) at equilibrium D) increase the partial pressure of CO (g) at equilibrium E) decrease the value of the equilibrium constant 50) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: 2CO2 (g) 2CO (g) + O2 (g) 50) ΔH° = -514 kJ ^ Le Cha telier's principle predicts that an increase in temperature will __________. A) increase the partial pressure of CO B) decrease the value of the equilibrium constant C) decrease the partial pressure of CO2 (g) D) increase the value of the equilibrium constant E) increase the partial pressure of O2 (g) 14 51) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. 2CO2 (g) 2CO (g) + O2 (g) 51) ΔH° = -514 kJ ^ Le Cha telier's principle predicts that the equilibrium partial pressure of CO (g) can be maximized by carrying out the reaction __________. A) at high temperature and high pressure B) at high temperature and low pressure C) at low temperature and low pressure D) at low temperature and high pressure E) in the presence of solid carbon 52) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g) 52) ΔH° = -99 kJ ^ Le Cha telier's principle predicts that an increase in temperature will result in __________. A) a decrease in the partial pressure of SO2 B) a decrease in the partial pressure of SO3 C) an increase in Keq D) the partial pressure of O2 will decrease E) no changes in equilibrium partial pressures 53) The effect of a catalyst on an equilibrium is to __________. A) slow the reverse reaction only B) shift the equilibrium to the right C) increase the equilibrium constant so that products are favored D) increase the rate of the forward reaction only E) increase the rate at which equilibrium is achieved without changing the composition of the equilibrium mixture 15 53)