Adolescent Depression Study Reference

‭Adolescent depression‬ ‭The‬‭semiology‬‭of‬‭depression‬‭at‬‭this‬‭age‬‭is‬‭often‬‭polymorphous.‬‭Thus,‬‭we‬‭often‬‭find‬‭that‬‭irritability‬‭is‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭forefront,‬ ‭but‬ ‭many‬ ‭symptoms‬ ‭can‬ ‭mask‬ ‭a‬ ‭depressive‬ ‭syndrome‬ ‭in‬ ‭adolescence:‬ ‭verbal‬ ‭and‬ ‭physical‬ ‭heteroaggression,‬ ‭running‬ ‭away,‬ ‭theft,‬ ‭risky‬ ‭sexual‬ ‭behavior‬ ‭(multiplying‬ ‭partners,‬ ‭uncontrolled sexual relations).‬ ‭protected)‬‭and‬‭substance‬‭abuse.‬‭This‬‭form‬‭is‬‭much‬‭more‬‭common‬‭in‬‭boys.‬‭Somatic‬‭complaints‬‭can‬ ‭also‬‭be‬‭present‬‭in‬‭adolescents.‬‭Sleep‬‭and‬‭appetite‬‭disorders‬‭are‬‭more‬‭common‬‭in‬‭adolescents‬‭than‬‭in‬ ‭children.‬ ‭BehaviorsSelf-harm and suicide attempts are common among depressed adolescents.‬ ‭However,‬‭it‬‭must‬‭be‬‭remembered‬‭that‬‭the‬‭older‬‭the‬‭adolescent,‬‭the‬‭more‬‭the‬‭symptomatology‬‭of‬‭the‬ ‭depressive episode is similar to that of adults.‬ ‭The‬ ‭positive‬ ‭diagnosisis‬ ‭based‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭association‬ ‭of‬ ‭at‬ ‭least‬‭five‬‭symptoms,‬‭their‬‭permanence‬‭over‬ ‭time, their intensity as well as their impact on the different spheres of the adolescent's functioning.‬ ‭1.2.2.‬ ‭Depression in the elderly‬ ‭It‬‭is‬‭common‬‭and‬‭often‬‭overlooked.‬‭The‬‭diagnosis‬‭is‬‭difficult‬‭because‬‭the‬‭typical‬‭forms‬‭are‬‭rare‬‭and‬ ‭the depressed mood is often replaced by emotional indifference, itself masked by other symptoms.‬ ‭Somatic complaints‬‭are common, which sometimes causes a delay in diagnosis.‬ ‭Cognitive‬‭disorders‬‭are‬‭marked‬‭(diagnostic‬‭problem‬‭with‬‭dementia‬‭states).‬‭Their‬‭onset‬‭is‬‭sudden‬‭with‬ ‭rapid‬ ‭worsening.‬ ‭They‬ ‭are‬ ‭linked‬ ‭to‬ ‭problems‬ ‭with‬ ‭attention‬ ‭and‬ ‭concentration.‬ ‭Memory‬ ‭disorders‬ ‭relate‬ ‭to‬ ‭both‬ ‭recent‬ ‭and‬ ‭old‬ ‭facts.‬ ‭There‬ ‭is‬ ‭neither‬ ‭aphasia,‬ ‭nor‬ ‭apraxia,‬ ‭nor‬ ‭agnosia,‬ ‭nor‬ ‭true‬ ‭temporal-spatial disorientation.‬ ‭The‬ ‭delusional‬ ‭manifestations‬‭:‬ ‭delusions‬ ‭of‬ ‭prejudice‬ ‭(coveted‬ ‭inheritance),‬ ‭delusions‬ ‭of‬ ‭organ‬ ‭denial, with malicious and obscene auditory hallucinations.‬ ‭Behavioral‬ ‭disorders‬‭are‬ ‭common‬ ‭and‬ ‭take‬ ‭different‬ ‭forms:‬ ‭passivity,‬ ‭character‬ ‭disorders‬ ‭(hostility‬ ‭and aggressiveness) or overall regressive behavior (depression syndrome).‬ ‭slippage) which is life-threatening.‬ ‭2.1. Shapes depending on the terrain‬ ‭Depression secondary to an organic condition‬ ‭♦‬ ‭CNS diseases: vascular conditions (stroke), Parkinson's disease, SEP, epilepsy, tumors‬ ‭(especially frontal), head trauma...‬ ‭♦‬ ‭Endocrine diseases: thyroid, adrenal, diabetes, etc.‬ ‭♦‬ ‭Other diseases: tuberculosis, cancers, heart disease, systemic diseases...‬ ‭♦‬ ‭Toxics: alcohol, barbiturates, amphetamines, anorectics, etc.‬ ‭♦‬ ‭Medications: Aldomet, INH, L-dopa, neuroleptics…‬ ‭Depression in pathological personality‬ ‭Some‬‭depressions‬‭arise‬‭from‬‭a‬‭fragile‬‭and‬‭immature‬‭personality(hysterical,‬‭phobic,‬‭obsessive…).‬‭The‬ ‭entouragecan‬ ‭exert‬ ‭a‬ ‭beneficial‬ ‭effect‬ ‭on‬ ‭mood‬ ‭which‬ ‭is‬ ‭then‬ ‭said‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭reactive‬ ‭to‬ ‭external‬ ‭solicitations.‬‭Sadness,‬‭close‬‭to‬‭normal,‬‭corresponds‬‭to‬‭concerns‬‭centered‬‭on‬‭certain‬‭events‬‭of‬‭varying‬ ‭importance‬ ‭which‬ ‭can‬ ‭trigger‬ ‭depression.‬ ‭The‬ ‭slowdown‬ ‭is‬ ‭limited‬ ‭to‬ ‭asthenia‬ ‭and‬ ‭difficulty‬ ‭concentrating.‬ ‭Anxiety‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭intense‬ ‭with‬ ‭a‬ ‭wealth‬ ‭of‬ ‭somatic‬ ‭symptoms.‬‭Sleep‬‭disorders‬‭include‬ ‭insomnia,‬‭falling‬‭asleep‬‭and‬‭sometimes‬‭hypersomnia.‬‭The‬‭risk‬‭of‬‭suicide‬‭is‬‭present‬‭and‬‭must‬‭be‬‭taken‬ ‭seriously, even if it is expressed through threats or “suicide blackmail”.‬