University:
Stanford University
Course:
MED 101 | Human Anatomy
Academic year:

2023
Views:

351

Pages:

2
Author:

larbi43100

‭THE DIFFERENT CLINICAL FORMS‬ ‭1.2.‬ ‭Shapes according to age‬ ‭1.2.1.‬ ‭Latency phase depression: depression in school-age children‬‭Often occurring following an‬ ‭event representing loss or bereavement (separation of parents, death of a grandparent, a member of‬ ‭siblings or a parent), sometimes an event which may appear to adults appear more innocuous‬ ‭(moving,‬ ‭death of a pet, etc.), depression in children often sets in gradually with symptoms belonging to‬ ‭several registers.‬ ‭The great clinical polymorphism at this age gives depression a misleading appearance. However, the‬ ‭child's behavior appears clearly modified compared to his premorbid state. The clinical picture‬ ‭combines several symptoms in the following registers: Sadness of mood and boredom: sadness is‬ ‭often replaced by attacks of anger, or even lability of mood. Irritability often takes the form of anger‬ ‭or opposition.‬ ‭Devaluation and loss of self-esteem :‬‭We note an exacerbated sensitivity to imperfections and/or‬ ‭failures.‬ ‭Child's activities are often accompanied by negative comments, self-deprecation, and/or a feeling of‬ ‭inadequacy and worthlessness.‬ ‭Loss‬‭of‬‭interest‬‭and‬‭pleasure:‬‭are‬‭rather‬‭manifested‬‭by‬‭attitudes‬‭of‬‭withdrawal,‬‭disinterest,‬‭passivity:‬ ‭in‬‭the‬‭depressed‬‭child‬‭there‬‭is‬‭a‬‭loss‬‭of‬‭interest‬‭in‬‭some‬‭or‬‭all‬‭of‬‭the‬‭activities‬‭which‬‭could‬‭be‬‭a‬‭source‬ ‭of pleasure for him.‬ ‭Motor behavior disorders‬‭: most often, we notice instability or agitation. Psychomotor slowing and‬ ‭motor inhibition are much rarer. Academic difficulties:‬ ‭Attentional‬ ‭and‬ ‭memory‬ ‭difficulties‬ ‭can‬ ‭lead‬ ‭to‬ ‭decline‬ ‭or‬ ‭even‬ ‭academic‬ ‭failure.‬ ‭They‬ ‭must‬ ‭be‬ ‭mentioned in the face of secondary avoidance or refusal of school work.‬ ‭Repeated‬ ‭somatic‬ ‭complaints‬ ‭type‬ ‭of‬ ‭abdominal‬ ‭pain‬ ‭and‬ ‭headaches‬ ‭which‬ ‭may‬ ‭precede‬ ‭the‬ ‭symptoms and for which no organic cause is found.‬ ‭Conduct disorder :‬‭type of lies, theft, hetero-aggression, even running away.‬ ‭Suicidal‬ ‭ideation‬ ‭and‬ ‭equivalents:‬‭depressed‬ ‭children‬ ‭have‬ ‭a‬ ‭marked‬ ‭propensity‬ ‭for‬ ‭fractures,‬ ‭accidents‬‭and‬‭injuries.‬‭These‬‭manifestations‬‭can‬‭be‬‭considered‬‭suicidal‬‭equivalents.‬‭Sometimes,‬‭ideas‬ ‭of‬ ‭death‬ ‭or‬‭suicide‬‭can‬‭be‬‭expressed‬‭directly‬‭or‬‭manifest‬‭themselves‬‭more‬‭rarely,‬‭through‬‭a‬‭suicidal‬ ‭act which should never be underestimated.‬ ‭Appetite disorders :‬‭type of anorexia, snacking or hyperphagia.‬ ‭Sleep disorders :‬‭They vary from insomnia to falling asleep, refusal to go to bed, broken sleep and/or‬ ‭nightmares.‬ ‭Sphincter disorders :‬‭type of secondary encopresis and/or secondary enuresis. The positive diagnosis‬ ‭is based on history, family interview and clinical examination. Each of these signs taken in isolation‬ ‭is not necessarily indicative of the depressive episode.‬ ‭It‬‭is‬‭the‬‭association‬‭of‬‭at‬‭least‬‭five‬‭of‬‭the‬‭symptoms‬‭(with‬‭at‬‭least‬‭one‬‭of‬‭the‬‭symptoms‬‭is‬‭either‬ ‭the‬ ‭change‬‭in‬‭mood‬‭or‬‭the‬‭loss‬‭of‬‭interest‬‭or‬‭pleasure),‬‭their‬‭permanence‬‭in‬‭time‬‭(for‬‭at‬‭least‬‭two‬ ‭weeks)‬‭and‬‭the‬‭modification‬‭net‬‭behavioral‬‭that‬‭they‬‭induce‬‭in‬‭relation‬‭to‬‭the‬‭behavior‬‭prior,‬‭which‬‭is‬ ‭characteristicand which will make it possible to diagnose depression in children.‬