Respiratory Volumes Lab Report

LABORATORY REPORT Predictions 1. During exercise TV will increase 2. During exercise IRV will decrease 3. During exercise ERV will decrease 4. During exercise VC will not change 5. During exercise TLC will not change Materials and Methods 1. Dependent Variable respiratory volumes 2. Independent Variable level of physical activity [resting or exercising] 3. Controlled Variables sex, age, height 4. Which respiratory volume was calculated? Tidal (TV), Inspiratory Reserve (IRV), Expiratory Reserve (ERV), and Breathing Rate. 5. What was the purpose of the nose clip? This is used to verify that their isn't air passing through the nose which will cause inaccurate results. Results Table 2: Average Breathing Rates and Lung Volumes Subject1 Subject2 Subject3 Averages Breathing Rate 13.2 11.5 11.2 12.0 TV(L) 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 Resting Values ERV(L) 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 IRV(L) 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.3 RV(L) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Breathing Rate 28.0 26.3 29.6 28.0 Exercising Values TV(L) ERV(L) 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 IRV(L) 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.5 RV(L) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Comparison of Resting and Exercising Lung Volumes and Breathing Rate L Resting Values 3 2.4 Exercising Values 1. TV 2. ERV 3. IRV 4. RV 1.8 1.2 0.6 0 1 2 3 4 L Resting Values 30 24 Exercising Values 1. Breathing Rate 18 12 6 0 1 1. Did the breathing rate increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Increase 2. Did the tidal volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Increase 3. Did the expiratory reserve volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Decrease 4. Did the inspiratory reserve volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Decrease 5. Did the inspiratory capacity increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Increased 6. Did the functional residual capacity increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Decrease 7. Did the minute ventilation increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Increased Table 3: Lung Capacities and Minute Ventilation Subject1 Subject2 Subject3 Averages IC(L) FRC(L) 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 Resting Values VC(L) 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.1 TLC(L) 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.7 Minute Ventilation (L) 6.6 4.6 4.5 5.2 IC(L) 2.9 3.6 3.3 3.3 Exercising Values FRC(L) VC(L) 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 3.6 4.2 3.9 3.9 TLC(L) 5.2 5.8 5.5 5.5 Minute Ventilation (L) 50.4 47.3 47.4 48.4 Comparison of Resting and Exercising Lung Capacities and Minute Ventilation L Resting Values 6 4.8 Exercising Values 1. IC 2. FRC 3. VC 4. TLC 3.6 2.4 1.2 0 1 2 3 4 L Resting Values 50 40 Exercising Values 1. Minute Ventilation 30 20 10 0 1 Discussion 1. Explain the change in ERV with exercise. ERV is the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation. With exercise this decreases as you are breathing heavier and exhaling more than your average breath. 2. Explain the change in IRV with exercise. IRV is the volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal inhalation. With exercise this decreases as you are taking quicker and shorter breaths which prevents you from having full inhalation. 3. Explain the change in IC with exercise. IC is the total amount of air you can inhale after expiration. The IC increased during exercise as the body is breathing heavier to allow more air into the lungs to compensate from the cardiovascular exercise. 4. Explain the change in FRC with exercise. FRC is the ERV + RV. With exercise this has a decrease as the ERV also has a decrease during exercise. This is due to the shorter and quicker breaths which decreases the volume of air going in and out of the lungs during one cycle. 5. Explain why RV does not change with exercise. RV is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation. This doesn't change as it is the remaining air after maximal exhalation, so it cannot change. 6. Explain why VC does not change with exercise. VC is the amount of air that lungs can exhale after maximum inhalation. The only reason this would change is if there is something compromising the respiratory system. 7. Explain why TLC does not change with exercise. Total lung capacity is the volume of the lungs after maximum inhalation. The only reason this would change is if there is something compromising the respiratory system. 8. During exercise, the depth of respiration increases. Name the muscles involved in increasing the depth of respiration and explain how muscle contraction causes this increase. The muscles involved with increasing the depth of respiration are the diaphragm and the internal and external intercostal muscles. When the diaphragm contracts it is pulled down which increases the thoracic cavity. The intercostal muscles lift the ribs with contraction. 9. Explain the importance of the change in minute ventilation with exercise. Minute ventilation is how the tidal volume times the respiratory rate which calculates how much volume is being inhaled and exhales in one minute. This will significantly increase with exercise as you experience an increase of tidal volume and respiratory rate. This occurs as their is a greater need of oxygen due to the increase of movement and the need for increased blood flow. 10. Restate your predictions that were correct and give data from your experiment that support them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them with supporting data from your experiment. During exercise the TV will increase, IRV decreased, ERV decreased, VC had no change, and the TLC had no change. These predications were correct and can be support by the tables above. Application 1. During strenuous exercise, TV plateaus at about 60% of VC but minute ventilation continues to increase. Explain how that would occur During exercise the body increases the respiratory rate to increase of exchange of O2 and CO2 which causes the minute ventilation to increase. 2. Emphysema causes alveolar dilation and destruction of alveolar walls which causes an increase in residual volume with air that cannot be exhaled. Assuming that an individual's TLC does not change, explain why a person with developing emphysema is not short of breath while resting, but becomes short of breath after climbing a flight of stairs. When their is destruction of alveolar walls it causes less oxygen to reach the blood. Due to this the lungs hold on the extra air which doesn't allow new air to enter. People with emphysema have adapted to this at a rest rate. During exercise their bodies are not able keep up for the additional need of o2 which causes shortness of breath.