Oxygen Therapy Study Documents

Oxygen Therapy Oxygen therapy is an action to increase the partial pressure during inspiration, which can be done by: 1. Increases inspired oxygen levels (FiO2) 2. Increase oxygen pressure Oxygen therapy is carriedClients out to maintain and improve oxygenation. Themay goalbenefit of oxygen therapy is to prevent or treat hypoxia. who have impaired tissue oxygenation from controlled oxygen administration. Signs and symptoms of hypoxia include:: a. Out of breath b. Nostril breathing c. There are additional respiratory muscle movements, intercostal and suprasternal retractions d. Tachycardia, increased blood pressure e. Cold sweat f. Restless ‒ confused g. If it is severe, cyanosis appears. Some conditions or diseases that require oxygen therapy include: a. Breathing failure b. Shock c. Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) d. Heart failure e. Carbonmonoxide (CO) Poisoning f. Severe multiple trauma g. Burns > 25% h. Post surgery i. Sepsis j. Etc The oxygenforconcentration will increase everybe4%used for every 1indicated. liter/minute increase.Oxygen is not alike substitute other medications and should only if Oxygen therapy is treated amonitored drug. Oxygen is expensive and hasright” sideprinciple effects like drugs.in The oxygen concentration usedismust be continuously. The “six is used oxygen therapy.The O2 supply placed next to the client's bed, either with an oxygen cylinder or with a permanent pipe system in the wall. The method of administering oxygen can be given through: 1. Low Flow Systems a. Low Flow Low Concentration 1) Nasal cannula 2) Nasal catheter b. Low Flow High Concentration 1) Simple facemask 2) Facemask with a “rebreathing” bag/Rebreathing Mask 3) Facemask with “non rebreathing” bag/ Non Rebreathing Mask 2. High Flow System a. High Flow Low Concentration 1) Venture hood b. High Flow High Concentration 1) Head Box/Hb 2) Ventilator (CPAP Mask) Giving Oxygen Using a Mask Simple Face Maskoxygen (Simple Face Mask).This tool provides short-term, continuous or intermittent oxygen and the concentration given is from low to medium levels. The oxygen flowisgiven is around 5-8 liters/minute with an oxygen concentration of between 40-60%. The following the FiO2 flow produced by a simple mask: Indication: Patients with conditions such as chest pain (either due to heart attack or other causes) and patients with headaches Contraindications: In patients with CO2 retention because it will worsen retention Things that must be considered: a. The O2 flow should not be less than 5 liters/minute to push CO2 out of the mask b. When havecan a face don'tof put it toooftightly cause installing, pressure onyoutheneed skintowhich leadstrap to aand feeling phobia closedbecause spaces it can c. Apply dry cotton to the pressure area of the mask and straps to prevent skin irritation Advantages and disadvantages Profit: a. The humidification system can be improved by selecting a hood with large holes b. The oxygen concentration given is greater than a nasal cannula or nasal catheter c. Can also be given to patients receiving aerosol therapy Loss : a. b. c. d. e. f. The oxygen concentration given cannot be less than 40% Can cause CO2 buildup if flow is low The installation is constrictive so that it is not possible to eat and cough Aspiration can occur if the patient vomits Generally causes discomfort in patients Causes a burning sensation that may irritate the mouth and cheeks 2. Facemask (mask) with rebreathing bag(Rebreathing Mask = RM) Aliters/minute. technique forHas administering oxygen with a high concentration of 60-80% and withexpiration. a flow of 8-12 a bag that continues to expand, both during inspiration Duringbag, inspiration, oxygen enters from the mask through the hole between the mask and the reservoir plus the expiratory holethan in thea simple bag. Inspired air is partially mixed with oxygen exhaledfrom air sothethatchamber the CO2enters concentration is higher face mask Indications and Contraindications Indication: Patients with low CO2 pressure levels Contraindications: In patients with CO2 retention because it will worsen retention Things that must be considered: a. Before patient, fill O2bag. into the bag by closing the hole between the bag and theinstalling lid at leastit on 2/3the of the reservoir b. Apply dry cotton wool to pressure areas of the hood and straps to prevent skin irritation c. Do notthe allow the oxygen to bend or deflate because if this happens, the low flow can cause patient to inhalebaglarge amounts of carbon dioxide. d. Advantages and disadvantages Profit: a. The oxygen concentration provided is higher than that of a simple facemask b. Does not dry mucous membranes Loss: a. Cannot provide oxygen at low concentrations b. Oxygen bags can easily fold, twist or deflate c. If the flow is lower it can cause a buildup of CO2 d. The installation is constrictive so that it is not possible to eat and cough e. Aspiration can occur if the patient vomits 3. Face Mask (Mask) with (Non-RebreathingMask =NRM) Non-rebreathing maskdelivers oxygen with an oxygen concentration ofairupdoes to 80-100% with aexpired flow rate of 10-12 liters/minute. The principle of this device is that inspired not mix with air becausevalve it haswhose 2 valves, 1 valveis istoopen during inspiration and closed during expiration, and there isduring another function prevent room air from entering during inspiration and will open inspiration.expiration. Indications and Contraindications Indication: Patients with require high CO2intubation pressure levels, COPD patients, patients with unstable respiratory status and patients who Contraindications: In patients with CO2 retention because it will worsen retention Things that need to be considered a. Before patient, fill O2bag. into the bag by closing the hole between the bag and theinstalling lid at leastit on 2/3the of the reservoir b. Apply dry cotton wool to pressure areas of the hood and straps to prevent skin irritation c. The nurse must ensure that all rubber diaphragms are in place d. Ensure that the O2 bag is not folded/deflated to prevent the increase of CO2 Advantages and disadvantages Profit: a. The oxygen concentration obtained can be high, even up to 100% b. Does not dry mucous membranes Loss: a. Cannot provide oxygen at low concentrations b. Oxygen bags can easily fold, twist or deflate c. The installation is constrictive so that it is not possible to eat and cough d. Aspiration occurs when the patient vomits, especially when the patient is unconscious Due to oxygen administration 1. Direct consequences a. Oxygen poisoning. Using high concentrations of oxygen for a longistime is notgradually meaningful Do not use 100% oxygen concentration if still needed. After hypoxia resolved the oxygen concentration should be reduced as low as possible as long as SaO2 > 96% b. CO2 narcosis, inofCOPD patients wholose experience hypoxia,toifbreathe, they areresulting given highin a buildup of concentrations oxygen they will the stimulation c. d. e. f. CO2, to a certain extent the patient becomes unconscious. Atelectasis Blindness, time especially in premature babies given high concentrations of oxygen for a long Neurological disorders Disorders of movement of cilia and mucous membranes (mucus blanket). 2. Indirect consequences a. Nosocomial infections b. Mucus plug c. Bloating d. Explode Things that need to be considered regarding the provision of O2 therapy O2 is a flammable gas. High concentration of O2 to start a fire. Actions to improve safety regarding oxygen: a. Put up 'no smoking' signs b. The nurse ensures that all electrical equipment in the room is functioning properly c. Nurses must know fire procedures and the location of the nearest fire department d. The nurse check the oxygen levelininthethecylinder portable cylinder before transfer to ensure thatshould there always is enough oxygen remaining