Range Of Motion

RANGE OF MOTION(ROM) A. Understanding ROM of Motion) is thetransverse maximum and amount of movement a joint canof make injoint one movement of three parts ofexercises the(Range body, namely sagittal, frontal. Another definition ROM is allow muscle movement, where the client moves each joint according to normalthat movements, eithercontraction actively orand passively. B. Goals 1. Increase or maintain muscle flexibility and strength 2. Maintains heart and respiratory function 3. Prevent stiffness in the joints C. Benefits of ROM 1. Prevent joint stiffness 2. Facilitate blood circulation 3. Improve muscle tone 4. Increase joint mobilization 5. Improve muscle tolerance for exercise D. Types of ROM 1. Active ROM, These are movements carried outinbycarrying a personout(patient) using theirindependently own energy. The nurse provides motivation and guides the client joint movements according to the normal joint range of motion (active client). Muscle strength 75%. This is to train flexibility and strength of muscles and joints by using the muscles actively. 2. Passive ROM That is, themoves energytheexpended for exercise comes fromnormal other people (nurses) or(passive mechanical devices. The nurse client's joints according to the range of motion client). Muscle strength 50%. Indications for passive exercise are semicomatous and unconscious patients, patients with limited mobility whoonarecomplete unable tobedperform some or allwithrange ofextremity motion exercises independently, patients rest or patients total paralysis (Suratun, et al, 2008). This passive range of motion is useful for maintaining the flexibility of muscles and joints by passively moving other people's muscles, for example a nurse lifting and moving a patient's legs. E. Type of Movement 1) Flexion, namely reducing the angle of the joint. 2) Extension, namely increasing the angle of the joint. 3) Hyperextension, that is, further extension. 4) Abduction, namely movement away from the midline of the body. 5) Adduction, namely movement closer to the midline of the body. 6) Rotation, namely movement around the center of the bone. 7) Eversion, joint. namely the rotation of the sole of the foot outward, moves to form an angle at the 8) Inversion, namely turning the sole of the foot inward to move at an angle to the joint. 9) Pronation, downwards.namely the movement of the palm where the surface of the hand moves 10) Supination, upwards. namely the movement of the palm where the surface of the hand moves 11) Opposition, namely the movement of touching the thumb to each finger on the same hand. F. Moved Joints 1) Active ROM The entire body from head to toe is carried out by the client himself actively. 2) Passive ROM All body joints or only the extremities are affected and the client is unable to carry out activities independently. a. Neck (flexion/extension, lateral flexion) b. Right and left shoulder (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, shoulder rotation) c. Right and left elbows (flexion/extension, pronation/supination) d. Wrist (flexion/extension/hyperextension, abduction/adduction) e. Fingers (flexion/extension/hyperextension, abduction/adduction, opposition) f. Hips and knees (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation) g. Ankle (flexion/extension, Rotation) h. Toes (flexion/extension) G. Indication 1) Stroke or decreased level of consciousness 2) Muscle weakness 3) Physical rehabilitation phase 4) Clients on prolonged bed rest 5) H. Contraindications 6) Thrombus/embolism in blood vessels 7) Joint or bone disorders 8) Client in immobilization phase due to illness (heart) I. Attention 1) Monitor the client's general condition and vital signs before and after exercise 2) Respond to client discomfort responses 3) Repeat the movement 3 times J. ROM movement Based on body parts, namely: 1. Neck a. Flexion: move the chin towards the chest. b. Extension: returning the head to an upright position. c. Hyperextension: bend the head backwards as far as possible. d. Lateral flexion: tilt the head as far as possible towards each shoulder. e. Rotation: turning the head as far as possible towards each shoulder. 2. Shoulders a. Flexion: the head.raising the arm from a position at the side of the body forward to a position above b. Extension: return the arm to a position at the side of the body. c. Hyperextension: move the arm behind the body, keeping the elbow straight. d. Abduction: head raising the arm to a side position above the head with the palm away from the e. Adduction: lowering the arms to the sides and across the body as far as possible. f. Internal with the flexed, rotate the shoulder by moving the arm until the thumb isrotation: facing inward andelbow backward g. External side of therotation: head. with the elbow flexed, move the arm so that the thumb is up and to the h. Circumduction: moving the arm with full movement. 3. Elbow a. Flexion: bendingtothetheelbow so that the forearm moves in front of the shoulder joint and the hand is parallel shoulder. b. Extension: straightens the elbow by lowering the arm. 4. Forearms a. Supination: rotating the forearm and hand so that the palm faces up b. Pronation: rotating the forearm so that the palm faces down 5. Wrist a. Flexion: moving the palm to the inside of the forearm b. Extension: moving the fingers so that the fingers, hand and forearm are in the same direction c. Hyperextension: bringing the dorsal surface of the hand backwards as far as possible. d. Abduction: bending the wrist at an angle towards the thumb e. Adduction: bending the wrist at an angle towards the five fingers 6. Fingers a. Flexion: making a grip b. Extension: straightening the fingers c. Hyperextension: moving the fingers backwards as far as possible d. Abduction: stretching the fingers of one hand towards another e. Adduction: bringing the fingers together again 7. Thumb a. Opposition: touching the thumb to each finger on the same hand. 8. Hips a. Flexion: moving the leg forward and up b. Extension: moving the other leg back to the side c. Hyperextension: moving the leg behind the body d. Abduction: moving the leg sideways away from the body e. Adduction: moving the leg back to a medial position and beyond if possible f. Internal rotation: turning the foot and leg towards the other leg g. External rotation: turning the foot and leg away from the other leg h. Circumduction: moving the limbs in a circular motion 9. Feet a. Inversion: turning the sole of the foot to the side (medial) b. Eversion: turning the sole of the foot outward (laterally) 10. Toes a. Flexion: curling the toes downwards b. Extension: straightening the toes c. Abduction: stretching the toes apart from one another d. Adduction: bringing the back together