Administration of Medication to the Eye

ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATION TO THE EYE Case studies: Mr. A 35 year old came to the clinic with complaints of red eyes. Clients often travel by motorbike and are exposed to dust. Questions: 1. Explain the purpose of administering eye medication! 2. Name and explain the types of eye drops! THEORYEYE DRUGS Understanding How to give medicine to the eyes with eye drops or eye ointment. The purposes of administering medication to the eye include: a. used to prepare for examination of the internal structure of the eye by dilating the pupil, for measuring lens refraction by weakening the lens muscle, b. Used to relieve eye irritation. c. Antiseptic and anti-infective eye medicines are used for eye disorders due to infection by microbes, the entry of foreign objects into the cornea of the eye or an injured/ulcerated cornea. d. Corticosteroid eye medication is used for eye inflammation or allergies or swelling which can be caused by the allergy itself or by a virus. Because viral eye infections are resistant to treatment, corticosteroid eye medications are usually used to relieve the symptoms. Even with antiseptics it avoids secondary infections. e. A combination of antiseptics and corticosteroids is used for eye problems caused by microbes and with complaints of swelling/inflammation as well as itching or allergies. f. Used for eye complaints after surgery. Principles of administering eye medication a. The cornea of the eye is supplied with many pain fibers so it becomes very sensitive to anything given to the cornea. Therefore, nurses or midwives avoid directing any eye medication directly to the cornea. b. The risk of transmitting infection from one eye to another is very high. Nurses or midwives avoid touching the eyelids or other eye c. Nurses or midwives use eye medicine for infected eyes. Types of eye medicine 1. Antiseptic and anti-eye infection Antiseptic and anti-infective eye medicines are used for eye disorders due to infection by microbes, the entry of foreign objects into the cornea of the eye or corneal injuries/ulcers. The content of antiseptic and anti-eye infection drugs, apart from the vehicle which must be sterile and inert (does not cause an effect on the eyes or does not react with the active substance/drug) in the form of drops or ointments, also the active substance is an antibiotic/antiseptic or antiviral of various groups. a.Sulfacetamide Na(Albucid®) a.Ciprofloxacin HCl(Baquinor® TM) b. Corneal ulcers caused by Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphyllococcus aureus, Streptococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans. c.Tobramycin(Tobradex®) d.Chloramphenicol and combinations thereof e. Chloramphenicol preparations: Colsancetine®, Cendo Fenicol®, Ikamicetin®. f. Preparation in combination: Cendo Mycos®(with Hydrocortisone). g.Used Sulfate(Used Meiji® TM) h.Ofloxacin(Tarivid® TM, Cendo Floxa®) i.Gentamycin Sulfate(Garamycin® TM, Sagestam® TM, Cendo Gentamycin® TM) j.Oxytetracycline and its derivatives(Terra-cotril®) k.Combination of Neomycin Sulfate and other antibiotics l. For eye drops, Neomycin Sulfate is combined with Polymixin B Sulfate and Phenylephrine or Polymixin B Sulfate and Gramicidin. Meanwhile, Neomycin Sulfate eye ointment is combined with Polymixin B Sulfate or Bacitracin m.Ofloxacin(Tarivid® TM) n.Acyclovir 2. Anti-Inflammatory Inflammation of the eyes is often caused by bacterial, viral, fungal and allergic infections. Symptoms experienced by patients include watery and itchy eyes, redness, eye secretions, glare, blurriness or swollen eyelids. Treatment depending on the cause can include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-fungal and anti-viral. For exampleCendo Lyteers®, Cendo Vision®, Vision® and Voltaren Opthma®. 3.Mydriatic and Cycloplegic Used to widen the pupil of the eye, usually used when an eye examination is to be carried out to see eye details.Mydriatic eye drops will temporarily stimulate the dilation of the iris muscle in the eye.Mydriatics are commonly used for the following reasons: 1. Relax the eye lens muscles to focus the eye. 2. In eye surgery to avoid scratches by widening the pupil of the eye (eg: cataract surgery). 3. To avoid cataract surgery in small cataract sufferers. 4. Post operative glaucoma. 5. In children suffering from amblyopia (lazy eye), mydriatics are used as therapy for eye sight so that the child's brain is stimulated. The use of Mydriatics causes the pupil of the eye to dilate so that it is more sensitive to light. Therefore, using UV glasses can help. For example: Cendo Mydriatil ® 4. Miotics and anti-glaucoma Miotics are used to constrict/reduce the pupil of the eye. This type of medication is the opposite of using mydriatic eye drops. Meanwhile, antiglaucoma is used to prevent an increase in intraocular pressure which results in pathological changes in the optics of the eye which can cause blindness. Examples of preparations,for example: Azopt ® TM, Betoptima ® TM, Cendo Carpine ® TM, Cendo Timolol ®. 5. Local Anesthetic Local eye anesthetics are usually used to cause numbness or numbness. It is usually used before measuring pressure in the eye, removing foreign objects from the eye and before performing some eye examinations. The effect of anesthetic eye drops usually lasts 20 minutes. Example of Pantocain® preparation. 6. Tonic Eye tonic functions as a refresher and overcomes eye fatigue. Its use can also sharpen eyesight. Examples of preparations, for example: Cendo Augentonic ®.Indications and contraindications for administering medication to the eye. a. Indication 1. Temporarily relieve red eyes due to mild irritation which can be caused by dust, sunburn, wearing contact lenses, allergies or after swimming. 2. antiseptic and anti-infective. 3. inflammation or eye allergies. b. Contraindications Eye drops containing naphazoline hydroxide should not be used in patients with glaucoma or other severe eye diseases, infants and children. Except under the supervision and advice of a doctor. Administering Eye DropsGiving medicine through the eye is giving medicine into the eye in the form of liquid and ointment. Objective a. To treat eye disorders b. To dilate the pupil in examining the internal structure of the eye c. To weaken the eye lens muscles in measuring eye refraction d. To prevent dry eyes Tools and materials: 1. Medication in place with a sterile dropper or in the form of ointment. 2. Pipette. 3. Anatomical tweezers in place. 4. Correlate in place. 5. Plestier. 6. Gauze. 7. Tissue paper. 8. Bandage. 9. Gloves. 10. Warm water/moisturizing cotton. a. Eye drops or ointment 1.Medicine bottle with sterile eye drops or ointment tube. 2.Patchesand eye plaster (if necessary). 3.Cards, formats, or printed letters for drug names. 4.Cotton balls or tissue. 5.Washing container filled with warm water or a rag. 6.Disposable gloves. Procedure for Giving Medication to the Eye 1. Review the doctor's drug program, including the client's name, drug name, drug concentration, number of drug drops (if in liquid form), time and eye (right or left) receiving the drug. 2. Explain the procedure to the client 3. Ask the client to lie on his back or sit in a chair with his head slightly hyperextended. 4. Wash your hands 5. Prepare equipment and supplies of eye drops or ointment 6. Assess the condition of the external eye structures. 7. Clean the eyes before administering the drug 8. Put in drops or ointment: a. If inserting eye drops or ointment, with your non-dominant hand, hold a cotton ball orcleansing tissue on the client's cheekbones just under the eyelids. b. If you are inserting eye drops or ointment, place a tissue or cotton ball under the lower eyelid, press down gently with your thumb or forefinger on the circle of the eye bone. c. Ask the client to look at the ceiling. Eye drops a. With the dominant hand on the client's forehead, hold the eye dropper filled with medication approximately 2 cm above the conjunctival sac. b. Place the prescribed number of drops into the conjunctival sac. c. If the client blinks or closes the eye or if the eye drops fall near the outer eye, repeat the procedure. d. When administering medications that may cause systemic effects, protect your fingers with a clean tissue and apply gentle pressure to the client's nasolacrimal duct for 30 to 60 seconds. e. After administering the medication, ask the client to gently close the eyes. Eye drops a. By holding the ointment applicator above the eyelid margin, apply a thin, even stream of ointment along the inside of the lower eyelid to the conjunctiva. b. Ask the client to look down. c. Apply a thin stream of conjunctival ointment along the upper lid of the eye. d. Ask the client to close the eyes and rub the lids gently in a circular motion using a cotton swab. e. If there is excess medication on the eyelid, gently wipe the medication from the inside to the outside of the canthus. f. Plaster well without pressing on the eyes. 9. Observe the client's response to treatment, paying attention to signs and symptoms of potential systemic effects and eye conditions. 10. Note the concentration of the drug, the number of drops or discs at the time of administration and the eye that received the drug (right or left).