Courses : Forest Ecology Lecturer :Frischa Adellia Semester : 4thSemester, 2022/2023 Session Waste treatment Waste processing is a series of processes or activities carried out to change or process waste from its original form into a form that is safer, less dangerous, or easier to dispose of or recycle. The main objective of waste processing is to reduce the negative impact of waste on the environment and human health, as well as to facilitate the final disposal of waste that is safe and in accordance with applicable regulations. The waste processing process can involve various methods and technologies, depending on the type and nature of the waste being processed. Some common waste processing techniques include: 1. Physical processing: Physical processing involves separating waste based on its physical properties, such as size, weight, or density. Examples of these techniques include sieving, screening, settling, or filtration to separate particulate-solids from liquid or gaseous waste. 2. Chemical processing: Chemical processing involves the use of chemical reactions to change the chemical properties of waste or remove contaminants from waste. Examples include chemical oxidation, reduction, or precipitation processes to reduce the levels of contaminants in waste. 3. Biological treatment: Biological treatment involves the use of microorganisms or other living organisms to decompose or remove contaminants in waste. Examples include composting, aerobic, or anaerobic processing to break down organic waste in solid or liquid waste. 4. Thermal processing: Thermal processing involves heating waste at high temperatures to remove contaminants or convert the waste into a form that is safer or easier to recycle. Examples of these techniques include incineration, pyrolysis, or waste gasification. 5. Advanced Processing : Some wastes may require more complex advanced processing, such as membrane separation, adsorption, or electrocoagulation, depending on the characteristics of the waste. Through appropriate waste processing processes, waste can be converted into a form that is safer or easier to dispose of or recycle, thereby reducing its negative impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, waste processing is an important step in overall waste management. The following are some examples of waste processing applications: 1. Liquid waste processing in factories: Factories that produce liquid waste from their production processes often use waste treatment systems to clean the waste before it is discharged into the environment. For example, using aerobic or anaerobic treatment systems to decompose organic waste, or using a coagulation-flocculation process to remove suspended solids from liquid waste before disposal. 2. Composting organic waste: Organic waste, such as food waste or agricultural waste, can be processed through the composting process to produce compost that can be reused as organic fertilizer. The composting process involves the decomposition of organic materials by microorganisms under controlled conditions. 3. Solid waste incineration: In a properly designed waste incineration facility, solid waste can be burned to produce heat or electrical energy. This combustion process can reduce the volume of solid waste and remove dangerous contaminants. 4. Domestic wastewater treatment: Domestic wastewater from households and buildings is generally treated in wastewater treatment plants before being discharged into the environment. The wastewater treatment process includes the stages of solids removal, organic decomposition by bacteria, and removal of chemical contaminants through chemical or physical processes. 5. Medical waste processing: Medical waste, such as syringes, bandages, or medical chemicals, must be processed carefully to avoid the risk of disease transmission or environmental pollution. This may involve sterilization, destruction, or special processing of hazardous waste. 6. B3 waste processing (Hazardous and Toxic Materials): Industries that produce hazardous and toxic waste must manage their waste carefully in accordance with applicable regulations. B3 waste processing can include chemical, thermal, or biological processes to remove or reduce dangerous contaminants in the waste. Through the application of this waste processing technique, waste can be processed safely and efficiently, thereby reducing its negative impact on the environment and human health.