Courses : Forest Ecology Lecturer :Frischa Adellia Semester : 4thSemester, 2022/2023 Session Definition of Filtration Filtration is a separation process used to separate dissolved or suspended solid particles from liquids or gases using a filter media called a filter. The main purpose of filtration is to clean or purify a liquid or gas by removing unwanted particles, such as dirt, sediment, or other contaminants. The basic principle of filtration is that solid particles larger than the filter pores will be trapped in the filter, while smaller liquids or gases will pass through the filter and come out as a cleaner product. The type of filter used can vary depending on the application and the characteristics of the particles to be separated. Some types of filters that are commonly used include filter paper, membrane, activated carbon, and others. These filters have pores of different sizes to capture particles of the appropriate size. Filtration has many applications in a variety of industries, including pharmaceutical, food and beverage, chemical, and environmental industries. Examples include drinking water filtration to remove dirt and bacteria, air filtration to clean the air of dust and other particles, and filtration in food and beverage production processes to separate solids from liquids or gases. Each filtration application has specific parameters that must be considered, such as filter pore size, type of filtration media used, applied pressure, and liquid or gas flow velocity. Some commonly used filtration techniques include: 1. Sieve filtration: Using a physical filter such as filter paper or cloth to capture solid particles dissolved in a liquid. Particles larger than the filter pores will be trapped in it. 2. Membrane filtration: Utilizes a semi-permeable membrane to separate particles based on the size of the membrane pores. Particles larger than the membrane pores will be blocked, while smaller liquids or gases can pass through the membrane. 3. Pressure filtration: Uses pressure to force liquids or gases through filtration media with very small pores. This pressure allows for faster and more efficient filtration. 4. Vacuum filtration: Applying negative pressure (vacuum) to draw liquid or gas through the filtration medium, usually used when filtration requires efficient liquid removal. Filtration has an important role in various industrial processes, whether for the purpose of purification, separation or removal of contaminants. In the health sector, filtration is also used in medical laboratories to separate harmful substances or prepare samples for analysis. In the food and beverage industry, filtration is used to clean products and improve quality and safety. Thus, filtration becomes a key process in various applications that require the separation or purification of materials.