Courses : Forest Ecology Lecturer : Frischa Adellia Semester : 4thSemester, 2022/2023 Session Cell Cultivation Cell culturing is a process in which living cells are allowed to multiply to produce a larger cell population. Cell culturing can be carried out in a variety of contexts, ranging from natural cell culturing in living organisms to culturing cells in cell cultures in the laboratory. In the context of cell biology and biotechnology, cell culturing often refers to culturing cells under laboratory conditions. This process involves several stages, including: 1. Cell Preparation: The cells to be cultured must be prepared properly. This includes selecting the appropriate cell type, ensuring optimal growth conditions, and cleaning or purifying the cells of any contaminants that may be present. 2. Maintenance of growth conditions: Cells are placed in a suitable environment that includes a suitable growth medium, proper temperature, and other environmental conditions such as humidity and CO2 levels necessary for optimal cell growth. 3. Growth monitoring: Cultured cells are monitored regularly to ensure that cell growth and division are taking place properly. This may involve microscopic observation or measurement of parameters such as cell number, cell viability, or metabolite concentration in the medium. 4. Separation and subculture: When the cell population becomes too dense, they can be separated or subcultured into new containers with fresh medium to allow further growth. This helps prevent cell population overcrowding which can inhibit cell growth and health. 5. Cell Harvesting: Once the cell population reaches a desired number or reaches a desired growth stage, the cells can be harvested for specific applications, such as research, biotechnology production, or medicine. Cell culturing has many applications in a variety of fields, including scientific research, drug development, tissue engineering, and the production of biotechnological materials such as recombinant proteins or monoclonal antibodies. By controlling growth conditions and expanding cell populations in a controlled manner, cell culturing enables more advanced studies and applications of cellular and molecular biology. As an example of culturing cells in a laboratory context, consider the following situation: A laboratory is culturing human cancer cells for the purpose of researching the potential effects of a new cancer drug. Here are the steps they took: 1. Cell Preparation: They selected suitable human cancer cells for their research. These cells have been pre-cultured and stored frozen. 2. Maintenance of growth conditions: Cancer cells are frozen and then defrosted and placed in a cell culture dish containing a suitable growth medium. The container is placed in an incubator at 37°C with CO2 levels suitable for the growth of cancer cells. 3. Growth monitoring: Cancer cells are monitored daily to ensure that growth and division are taking place as expected. They used a microscope to observe changes in cell morphology and also measured the number of cells using an automated cell counter. 4. Separation and subculture: When the cell population grows too dense, they subculture by transferring some of the cells to a new culture dish with fresh growth medium. This helps maintain optimal environmental conditions and prevents overconfluence. 5. Cell Harvesting: Once the cell population has reached sufficient numbers and reached the desired growth stage, the cells are collected for use in experiments. They may harvest cells for sensitivity testing of new drugs or for further analysis such as nucleic acid or protein extraction. By culturing these cells, laboratories can obtain sufficient numbers of cells to carry out various experiments and research. This allows them to evaluate the effectiveness of potential drugs or to study various aspects of cancer biology. Overall, cell culturing is an important process in the fields of cell biology and biotechnology, where living cells are allowed to multiply to produce larger cell populations. This process is accomplished by selecting suitable cells, providing optimal growth conditions, monitoring cell growth, subculturing when necessary, and then harvesting the cells for specific applications. Some important points that can be concluded about cell culture include: 1. Cell culturing allows expansion of cell populations for use in various experiments and biotechnological applications. 2. Controlling cell growth conditions, such as growth media, temperature, and CO2 levels, is important to maintain healthy and successful cell growth. 3. Subcultures may be necessary to prevent overconfluence and maintain optimal environmental conditions. 4. Cell culturing plays an important role in a variety of fields, including scientific research, drug development, tissue engineering, and the production of biotechnological materials. By understanding and mastering cell culture techniques, researchers can produce sufficient numbers of cells to perform experiments accurately and expand our knowledge of cell biology and biotechnological applications.