Glaucoma ● Degeneration of RGCs ● Visual field defects ● Sometimes associated with IOP Pathophysiology ● IOP cause immediate damage in optic nerve ● Vascular ○ Blood flow in optic nerve can cause ischemia ○ RGC deaths ● Axoplasmic disruption ○ Glutamate excitotoxicity ○ Oxidative stress may cause glaucoma ● Primary open angle Glaucoma ○ Most common ○ Trabecular outflow causes IOP increase ○ Not much pain noted ● Primary Angle closure Glaucoma (PAGC) ○ Narrowing in anterior chamber angle ○ Could be present with sudden eye pain, blurry visions ■ Ophthalmic emergency ● Open angle ○ Cornea and iris wide and clearly open ○ Trabecular mesh is visible ■ Humor can still flow ○ No structural obstruction ○ Can lead to elevated intraocular pressure ○ Can see… ■ Schwalbe’s line ■ Trabecular meshwork ■ Scleral spur ○ Angled structure opened ● Closed angle ○ narrowed / closed off completely ○ Iris pushed up forward ○ Trabecular meshwork is destroyed or obstructed ○ Aqueous flow blocked ■ Rapid danger in IOP ■ Humor cannot drain anymore ■ Damage in nerve within hours ■ IOP compresses on nerve, reduced flow and purification ○ No angle structures is seen ○ Apposition in cornea