Infections Disease Terminology

Infections disease terminology contact between Exposure potentially Infection parasitic organism invades host infections : : : Pathogenesis : parasitic organism replicates parasitic organism changes Infections disease ↳ by a potential host. a Transmission * parasitic organism and a dynamics are duration of this state, as within an infected host. physiology of in determined to well as a of degree an infected host large affecting survival extent overlap. Infectious disease Transmission transmission modes of direct transmission · ↳ · direct contact Droplet . spread Indirect transmission ↳ Airborne Portal of Vehicle-borne Entry : (fomites) , Vector borne pathogen route which enters Epidemics body . Mucosal membrane · ↳ · Respiratory tract , Gastrointestinal, Genitourinary tract Conjunctive , Skin ↳ · , Infect Skin is barrier , but pathogens Parental Routes (direct intoduction ↳ Through puncture injection , , could into tissue). Surgery . enter through wound . : or reproduction . Schistosomiasis several Parasitic disease cursed · Affects in Wunding · many Lakes in First described · by developing by other bodies of and found mule female and thousand 20-200 annual death . intested with water parasites Theodore Maximilan Bilhurz pathologist German "performed Egyptian patient ↳ for countries. responsible Ponds or flatworm of species . who had died from autopsy parasite egg in snail host. disease. the liver portal system and bludder Life Cycle Parasite Egy · >ciliated mirucidia free hatches and Cercuriae leaves snail and finds human host Cercinne · infects snail host mirucidia > - , feces) transformed into water at moves penetrates skin , wrine swimming , finds Mirucidia (from human released into freshwater egy a and , 1500/day for rate of differentiates to lymphatic Migrates through the host's skinguin Travels to lungs [Stuys 3-8 days 70 % eliminated) · fork fuled into access system into larral Cercuriae up to liver portal system In liver femule and mule , Migrates to furred femule release muture into male and , pairs . eyys - - covered in up microburds allow the pores 1) lumen of enters 50 % 50 % - - excretory passed trupped - cliny to vascular endothelium . release of Antigen 2) Enzyme Laid Eggs adult. site. · · female out of in tissue in passage of eyys through organs carried away by blood circulation Acute infection Cercurinue penetrates skin Schistosome ↳ laid Egy in fever urticaru - - - mulaise diarrhea or target swimmers organs : Rush itch . release host tissue) . body untigen > - cause Kutuyumu fever . , 18 4-6 week in snail days . forms called Schistosomalues. , Migrates to in lymph Chronic infection Symptoms of chronic infection Eyys trupped remain host tissue in Egges accumulate in heart ↳ Eyges lodged in bladder S jupanicom Eggs lodge can intestinal ↳ nephritis Caused by body's Abdominal , pressure alcreated in urine. . , tubular dystunction and , and before syndrome it progresses to renal end-stage disease . the reaction to worm's the not egy worm . pain Hematurin ↳ Fibrosis of the bludder and wreter ↳ . Vaginal bleeding ↳ infertility ↳ finding Diagnosed by · blood high , leading to blood brain dysfunction). causing encephalopathy (general fullopian tubes leading to infertility egy deposit the uterns cervix , response. atreales. erode , leaving large overies immune Symptoms ↳ · the inflammatory of disease Evidence · in pulmonary in body of parts various granulomatous < develop into polyps can infect brun can lodged travels to Ays - freshwater bodies schistosomes Schisto in throng running caused and harm other may fresh of contamination reduce types Snul Streams freshwater in communities Schitosomiasis Dams block · to inhabitat includes all Smal live of entre treatment druy snail will return. Snail : · battle winnable a snail remove grazing or it's , muss not sustained, Control runoff eliminate transmission of this disease. or socioeconomic conditions . of luke , ponds , marshes streams and irrigation channel . , , African trypanosomiasis Pathogenesis · ↳ general Clinical ↳ Pathogenesis - lymph , ↳ mode intercellular in spleen , space , therefore not , intracellular . bruin . in host susceptibility. on Human painful lymphadenopathy Winterbottom's of all invasion and couple of a weeks. lymph system . organ . at base of skull . modes sign-swollen disappears after enters blood once generalized - of bite. at site sore Trypanosomes reproduce rupidly " · blood in dependent course Local reactions : ↳ live Typanosomes Particularly abundant ↳ : - Clinical features : Certain death Considered In . before treatment. times Pathogenesis rhythms Circudian alteration : Suprachiasmic nucleus (SCN) · Spontaneous rhythm of · correlated with biological clock-regulates hormonal sleep body : , SCN altered with is trypanosome , clinical symptoms . thermostat activity . infection . Incubation period ↳ ↳ Rhodesience days to Gumbiense months Clinical signs ↳ Painful ↳ Feuer ↳ ↳ chance lymphadenopathy bite of insomnia , localized edema , , late - rush staye . wasting Severe ↳ Somnolence (sleepiness (NS signs Gumbiencies ↳ Rhodesiences both ↳ forms Cardiac Economical ↳ 25 % ↳ 20 % on in or in without herd calving convulsion , death . comu , * Blood smears could be used milk diagnose HAT treatment. Origin of trypanosomes in Sequences identified from per year size production . closely matched and sequence closely existing zebra and sequences identified from matched T. What has contributed to domestic animals Congolense from spotted hyena T brucei . spottedhyuna Savanuh s . l and lion · reduction in T . bruce i recently ? Surveillance Treatment · isetse · · . to from infection. food production in , fatul agriculture reduction in loss and cuttle death reduction dullness , tremors , course always futul failure - aid in of area samples into mosquitoes , dengues diagnosis cell culture. Or . intra-cerebral inoculation of suckling mice. Antigen detection Serological ↳ Denynes · or high . kit has been commercial Cun be isolated · 2-1 , mild fever to the feild in Virus detection procedure · eye person-person tests . relatively remained small until mid 20th century. Dengues Hemorrhagic fever first documented in 1450s during epidemic in Philippines ↳ was not until 1981 that larger number of DHF cases beyan to appear and Thailands . . · · Global spread from travelers Climate influenced denynes ↳ incubation period , biting from Southeast Asia Chumun movement increased proximity between rectors transmission > modulates several physical , behavioral truits of mosquitoes. returning . - rates and humans and favor spread of rector species) . Destruction of natural ecosystem Socioeconomic variables improves transmission tropical disease public health strategies , with low coupled with coupled risk must on income neglected tropical explains mucroscule and zoonotic tundem with environmental variable. target reduction of poverty and of natural forest and cessation of destruction Savanus. West Nile Virus In 2001 Human ↳ ↳ WNV cases was first detected first reported Canada in in 128 dead birds and 2002 with 344 in Spread to Saskatchewan Munitoba and Alberta Since 2002 WNU have experienced , annual genetically yeographically diverse ↳ four or fire distinct WNU "head ache Estimated ↳ but did not reach in Canada Ontario , . Quebec until BC 2004 . more based been proposed than 20-25 on and % phylogenetic correlate well analysis in . yeographical points of isolution. Disease/ Treatment asymptomatic ↳ Ontario , 20 in in outbreak. summer genetic lineage Genome differs from each other by WNU Clinical . pools virus . , ↳ 2003 in , a mosquito in , 80 %, tiredness 1 people above in 50 or , body 150 and lead to ache will some , West Nile nauseu develop into , fever , or severe wile west disease. vomitting more immunocompromised severe person form of disease . (HIV) are at higher risk of getting severe WNU. disease probability WNV Life cycle · nuture in ↳ mosquito-bird mosquito cycle. (Culex) , maintained ↳ Birds in are mosquitos in also Africa but highly puthogenic lubatory transmission of workers Public health surveillance for Collection and Collection and testing ↳ dead-end host are testing testing reporting * Reduce illness ↳ warn of through cases don't spread infection documented. are documented West Nile Virus involves of Culex vector mosquitoes of dead birds suspected to die chickens sentinel they , or of of wild birds human and the reduction of the number and educate citizens. in captured for epunie of of birds due to WNU in NA. human-human transmission No vertical host of WNV (mortality for resorvors "horse just like human ↳ as principal rector transmission (adults to eyg) a WNV this purpose illnesses. of infected rector mosquitoes WNV is rure.