Fate of G3P

Light dependent Light and independent of Photosynthesis reaction Calvin Cycle · · · · Culvin Benson Cycl Reductive Pentose Photosynthetic Phosphate Pathway Carbon Reduction Cycle . Representing Sugar Structure Hexose adopt ring structure can CHOS CHOS H I D OH H OH H OH * HoH pyranose CH2OH Interconversion between Sugars D-Ribose D-Ribulose i H-H CH2 OH O = He H CHOH Aldoluses CH2OH adol cleavage - . Reversible condensation between before New Ketose have total numbers of H and aldose to form before new from both donors carbons , and retains CH2OH "I H + > =0 Dihydroxy (donor aldose) stereochemistry . = 0 [ CH2OP CH2OP donor aldose CHzOP acetone - P OH H H OH H Cdonor Ketone OH OH H CH2OP Sedoheptulose-1 7 (new Ketose) , bis P Trunsketoluses · Transfers 2-C unit from kefose Donor kefose becomes Acceptor aldos an becomes aldose to aldose that before that is longer 2 carbon CHOl O i CH2OH Donor letose shorter but retains stereo-chemistry of carbon 2 is > H + CHzOH O OH H H OH CH2 OP new aldose than the parent aldose. aldose CH2Ol new letose parent kefose. form H OH OH H H l CHzOH H a d I Trunsaldoluses Transfer 3-C Donor from before unit kefose Acceptor becomes aldose that before that becomes aldose allose to Schiff's involves shorter but retains 3C is longer 3C is n F Aldose Ketose Calvin Benson - than new stereochemistry parent aldose. it CHzOP new kefose pathway ↳ fixation 3) - Rubisco involved RuBP CO2 reacts with 2) Reduction ↳ 3-PGA ↳ Use to form unstable converted to GSP phosphorylation ATP for Regeneration of high > , GATP + GNAPH for NADPH RuBP Require activation Requires My the fate of the Triose Conversion phosphate into in GJP used not 2+ activates for at pHg generation of RuBP light sturch Exported to cytoplasm vin P-triose - ↑ translocator . Generation of distinct hexose-P-pool . · Sucrose biosynthesis Source of ↳ metabolism Energy production ↳ Sturch carbon for all other in Nucleotide/nucleic acid leaves stored starch Both feeds in is dark broken down into the during the night hexose-P-pool and into sucrose glucose biosynthesis and every for reduction turnover more 6) intermediate phase Regulate Rubisco by. is Ketose o + aldose & Carbon What of parent CH2 OP CHzOP CHzOP Base multose GS4 , breaks into 2 3C molecule 3-PGA Synthesis Sucrose Chloroplast in Stroma of Chloroplust short term storage of sturch · DGIP 2) 3) converted to ADP Glucose Highly active Degraded a Glucose * ↳ down Sturch · Starch a light highly in into glucose organs. fructose and . > used starch together to synthesize work enzyme for sturch biosynthesis. tissues where sugar glucose in amyloplast (Regulation transported from is availability amylose polysaccharde Cellulose glucose (1-4) and extensive H-bond Cl-6) glycosidic bond unbranched amylose or . 4) and brunched amylopectin polysaccharides . plant branched Cellulose B-Glucose (B-1 ↳ storage regulated by but of linear molecule brunched amylopectin · . available for photosynthesis. are non-photosynthetic in composed vs amylose Glucogen vs Glucogen 4-linked . in in UDP-Gk- branching and mainly storage . to GIP Independent of starch -1 tissue. of starch phylom broken Starch synthase Starch a Cytoplasm in converted 5) Occurs into forming amylopectin Chloroplast (Regulation) linkage granules glucose to provide suyar for cellular metabolism 3)UDP-glucose phosphorylase forms 4) , . night storage from DSucrose 1. 6 when ATP NADPH non-photosynthetic term Long day in at Cytosol of 2) ADP-glucose phosphorylase enzyme introduce enzyme Sucrose Synthesis · by Sturch accumulates starch ↳ * . Sturch Synthesis catalyzes polymeration of ADP branching * photosynthesis in glycosidia bond , more branches then amylopection . source tissue . Phloem Transport Active transport · flow Bulk Applies phloem in · are . 2, : 7 : 3 4 : , 4 10 5 = 6 = Hexose 2 3 Triose 4 P Isomerase Hexokinase Fructokinase of phosphate Triose P - Isomerase = 6 Pyruvate Kinase Alternative Metabolic fate : 6 : : Dehydrogenase Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase Ribulose Ribulose 4: 5 of Hexose Glucose-G-P 2: 3 dehydrogenase cerate Kinase Enoluse : 1: lysis Phosphoglyceromutule = 5 - and Aldolase Phosphoyly = source mutuse Glyceraldehyde-3-p = trunster Fructos-6-P-Kinase Metabolism 1= muss (mesophyll) 5-P Isomerase 5-P- Trunsketoluse Trunsuldoluse and sink (roots tubers seed) . hexose. # reserve interchange Phosphoglucose = . by other Metabolites and mucromolecules Enzyme of hexose 1 8 driven of Carbon Storage Phoem metabolic fates of non-structural primary Energy production Building blocks for · of photosynthetate transfer between to What loading Epimerase : OPP into triose - P · , , Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Primary product · Ribose-5-p is Interconversion of Same · Erythrose-4-p RPP is 2 us for nucleotide biosynthesis to Ribose-5-P and Xylulose-5-p allows of Hexose-P regeneration glyceraldehyde-3-p. and with addition of transuldoluse. key building block a Photorespiration Carboxylation necessary Ribulose-5-P as enzyme , Pathway for other metabolites . Oxygenation 3-p-glycerate 3-p-glycerate molecules 2-Phosphoyycolute Photorespiration Rubisco (oxygenase reaction ( Photorespiration Three of four · carbons from two photorespiratory cycle. Overlapping Cand N One Carbon Chloroplast is lost glycolate molecules resulting from two oxygenated reactions salvaged are via pathway as CO2 reaction 2 Ribulose - 1 , 5-bis-P + 2He0 + Glycerate ATP Regeneration of Glutamate 202 > - -> 2 Glycolate + 2 3-p-GlycerateADP and What recycling 3-p-Glycerate + 2 Pi Peroxisome Glycolate 2 Serine * reaction Glutamate +2 of Glutamate Exchange &Gly > - - oxoglutarate NADH 2 + + 202 Glycerate C + 2-Oxogluturate and +10 22-oxoglutarate + Glutamate NAD + chloroplast with maintains stoichiometry Mitochondion reaction Gly 2 + NAD ++ of Net reaction photosynthetic in NADH NHat + atmospheric oxidations) elicts release of of and of Rubisco CO2 of two molecule of consumption oxidative Ca . molecule one activity oxygenase the in oxygen of (two in cycle peroxisomal The + photorespiration carbon "The ↳ Serine < of three molecules Consumption one 128 ATP an for incorporating ↳ 3C a skeleton back into restoring glutamate from NHa" Metabolic Roles for Photorespiration " Dissipation of · · Source of of via 2-oxogluturate . does alternative pathway that an accumulate not as much reduced carbon acid umino Source carbon for Source energy excess and Culvin-Benson Cycle. biosynthesis H202 via plant in 5 , 10-methylene tetrahydrofolate (used I-(donor) (Glycine as decarboxylase complex) defence . TCA cycle In plants TCA Plants do not TCA cycle as Links glycolysis TCA cycle as cycle rely an to on is essentially restricted B-oxidation for the to the oxidation of pyruvate derived from glycolysis of generation cellular energy. Energy Source mitochondrion electron transport and phosphorylation oxidative metabolic Hub carbohydrate are metabolized Acetyl CoA enters Citrate TCA into . combining by be used to synthesize can a-ketoyluturates is for precursor Succinyl-CoA involved fumarate in Calanine pyruvate fatty of and oxaloacetate asparatute enters Acetyl-CoA Cycle oxaloacetate to acid glutamate production Synthesis of with or and form citrate. sterols camino and and nucleotide prophyrins he linked can > pyrimidine to aminoacid biosynthesis metabolism biosynthesis. Alternative Malic Carbon Source for TCA cycle Enzyme oxidizes mulate to pyruvate , complete liberating CO2 in the process diminishing complete oxidation of malute from needs of oxidation Cytoplasm Link to N- TCA Cycle PEP Carboxylase ↳ allow : a- Assimilation introduces ketoglutarate to alternative be source siphoned away of for C for regenerating phase N- assimilation . for TCA of pyruvate citrate from glycolysis from cytoplasm .