Populist Parties In Welfare Europe

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
ECON 2260B | Intermediate Microeconomics
Academic year:

2023
Views:

181

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

● Welfare states ○ European welfare state developed robustly compared to U ■ Greater social cohesion within classes ■ Between poor and employed middle class ○ Lindert(2014), ■ Emphasis in role of affinity in socioeconomic layers ■ In US racial division between white and African American ● Weakened public support on expansive welfare ● Social programs are framed in benefitting minorities political resistance were created ○ Erosion in Welfare status ■ Increasing pressure + aging population ■ Labor market flexibility ● Zero hour contrasts ■ Disproportionate affects middle class income ● Main beneficiary ● Impacting middle class by welfare once providing free education ○ Pensions ○ Healthcare ○ Social mobility safeguards ● Could be led to middle class insecurity ● Downward mobility may happen ● Populism + Political shifts in Europe's ○ Increasing popularity of right winged populist parties after 2000s ■ Notably after Great recession in 2008 ■ More income volatility ■ Lower stable employment protections ○ Erosion of welfare ■ Was social mobility safeguarded ● Free education, affordable housing,health care ■ Under strain right now ● Middle class impacts ○ Welfare system has benefitted middle class ■ Free + subsidized education = upward mobility ■ Pensions = income stability in retirement ■ Healthcare = reduce in personal burden of finances ○ Welfare threatens theses protections ○ Middle class insecurity increases ○ Downward mobility ○ Lower access to high quality service ■ Push middle class households to private alternative ■ Higher inequality ● Notable European welfare ○ European rising = high level of social spacing when compared to US ● Higher spending in Europe in Lindert’s emphasis on socioeconomic layers ○ Spending foster cohesion on class lines ○ Racial division + welfare support ■ Lower US curve may show public support to expansive welfare is waker ■ Affects perception of redistribution Comparative Observation ● Europe ○ More resilient welfare sites ○ Stronger cross class solidary + benefit structure ○ Facing pressure on globalization ■ Political change ■ Demographic shift ● US ○ Weaker middle class buy in ■ Larger mean tested programs ○ Racialization in welfare Potential future trends ● Aging population ○ Increasing retirement age ○ More cost to individuals ■ Private pensions ■ Healthcare insurances ○ May have potential on dualization of welfare ■ Used to secure benefit for insiders ■ Minimal safety net on outsiders ○ Potential fragmentation will reform harder ○ Automation changes will exacerbate inequality ■ More demand on universal programs - will be uncertain d