Cardiac Surface Anatomy | Lecture Note

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
MED 5161 | Principle of Medicine
Academic year:

2025
Views:

230

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Cardiac surface anatomy ● Heart position ○ Middle mediastinum ○ Inside pericardium ○ ⅔ to the left to the midline ○ ⅓ to the right ○ Apex is pointing downwards ○ Forward left ● PMI ○ Apex beat ○ Left 5th intercostal space ○ Midclavicular line ■ Adult ■ Normal habitus ○ Is able to feel the best when patient is leaning forward ■ Could also be in left lateral position ● Cardiac borders of chest wall ○ Right border = mainly right atrium ○ Left border = mainly left ventricle ■ Could be bit to the left auricle ○ Inferior border = mainly right ventricle ○ Superior border = atria and great vessel roots ● Auscultation areas ○ ○ ○ ○ Valves project deep Listen to where sound radiates Don’t listen directly over the valve, listen to where the sound travels (w blood) Aortic area ■ 2nd right intercostal space ■ Right sternal edge ○ Pulmonary area ■ 2nd left intercostal space ■ Left sternal edge ○ Tricuspid area ■ Left lower sternal border ● Around 4th - 5th ICS ○ Mitral area ■ Apex ■ Left 5th intercostal space ■ Midclavicular line ● Close to PMI ○ (often mentioned) ■ Erb’s point ● 3rd left intercostal space ● Left sternal border ● Significant for S2 and other murmurs ● Aortic regurg-type patterns ● Heart sound ○ S1 = closure of mitral and tricuspid ■ Start of systole ○ S2 = closure of aortic and pulmonic ■ End of systole ○ Split S2 and can be heard with inspiration ■ P2 delayed