Welcome to Fly Zero

Welcome to Fly Zero Presented by: Steve Newbury (FlyZero Academic Coordinator) Date: April 1, 2021 FlyZero Project - Backed by the UK Government, the Aerospace Technology Institute is leading a project called FlyZero, bringing experts together from UK industry and academia for an intensive 12- month research program. - Our vision is to realize zero-carbon emission commercial flight by the end of the decade. - We are taking a detailed and holistic look at the future of zero-carbon aviation, assessing not only the technology challenges we face but also the sustainability issues, the UK industrial capability, and the market and economic aspects. - FlyZero will shape the future of global aviation with the intention of gearing up the UK to stand at the forefront of sustainable flight in design, manufacture, technology and skills for years to come. What Led The ATI To This Point? - It was identified early on that the ATI needed to take a lead on this highly-collaborative approach - This strategic research will provide wide ranging benefit to industry, academia, RTOS, investors and Government - The work needs to be independent from individual industrial interests to be delivered objectively for future decisions - There is no single UK entity that combines all the requisite capabilities to undertake the work - We believe the exceptional level of collaboration proposed by FlyZero will produce richer results by pulling in a wide range of diverse skills and experience Project Overview - - - FlyZero Program • Technology facts generation • Open questions to feed academia • Knowledge capture and capability • Commercial & economical models • 12-month program with 117 FTEs Study: 1 month • Air vehicle concepts • Energy sources • Energy conversion • Future air transport markets • Parametric models Concept Trades: 2-5 months • Systems attributes • High level models • Sustainability assessment • Operational impacts • Commercial & economic viability • High level technology roadmaps • Industry Strategy - Academic Program - Preliminary Design: 8 months • 2 concepts selected • Detailed models created • Sustainability assessment • Operational aspects • Commercial business case • Detailed technology roadmaps • Industrial roadmaps & gaps • Future demonstrator needs • Future infrastructure needs Project Focus - 7500 • Twin Aisle Aircraft • Heavy Investment in new Aircraft & Engines • Validation of Sustainable Aviation Fuels • Development of Synthetic Aviation Fuels • ACARE 2050 Goals. A reduction in 75% CO2 emissions and 65% noise plus zero emission when taxiing • - FlyZero will not research Sustainable Aviation Fuels in this Market 1500 • Single Aisle Aircraft • New Platforms based on Hybrid Hydrogen & Electrical Energy Propulsion System - 1250 • Regional Aircraft • Existing Platforms & new Hybrid Energy propulsion based on Existing Airframes with new Propulsion System - 500 • Sub- Regional Aircraft • New Platforms & Hybrid propulsion energy systems based on Zero Carbon Emissions - 250 • EVTOL Aircraft • New Platforms & Market Sector on fully Electric battery vehicles • FlyZero will not research full Electric EVTOLS Project Output - A preliminary design for a zero-carbon emission commercial aircraft to maximize positive environmental impacts and drive deeper understanding of the economic, technical and industrial challenges - An assessment of the potential market, economic benefit and environmental impact for a zero-carbon emission commercial aircraft by 2030 - Technology roadmaps, identifying key development issues - A requirement specification as basis for future industrialization and industrialization roadmap - A baseline assessment of the UK's current industrial footprint and capability - A sustainability assessment Procurement and Management - FlyZero Defined Research Questions • Define questions  Down select  Promote to academia • Outline mission to academia  Request project ideas  Review & agree with FZ team - • Select partners and agree project scope • Contract partner • Project Kick-off • Project manages • Project Impact Research Ideas from Academia • Academic Coordinator led • FlyZero specialist led Indicative Projects - £10K • 1-month quick research plus presentation of a short report to the team. Study would likely be a review of current literature. - £50K • 3-month study by two researchers with report and presentation including two interim review meetings throughout. • - May include limited new research depending on the project. £100K • 6-month detailed study by two researchers with report and presentation including four interim review meetings throughout. Potentially include new research. Note: 1. Research over Q2-Q3/21 in order to ensure project impact 2. Where possible aim to leverage other funded work for greater impact for the investment 3. Potential for non-financial transaction partnerships 4. Contracts templates being established at the moment Academic Research Themes - Materials • What composite resins and fibers cope with cryogenic thermal cycling which will make the most robust and lightweight liquid hydrogen storage? • Can PEM fuel cell GDLs (gas diffusion layers) be made using recycled carbon fiber? • How can PEM membranes (currently mostly Nation, perfluoro sulphonic acid) be more robust, efficient, recyclable and easy to maintain / replace? • What is the SOA for alkaline polymer membranes for fuel cells, and how do they compare with Nation and other alternatives? What are the major material challenges that must be overcome should we use ammonia as a fuel? (In a fuel cell or combustion.) • There is a need for 'zero carbon' carbon fiber (aerospace grade) for structures, as the CFRP will be a significant proportion of the through life sustainability impact of aircraft once we've removed the emissions • A substantial part of that will be down to energy reduction in precursor and carbon fiber manufacture, and using renewable energy in the supply chain, but also creating PAN, or alternative precursor, for example from renewable raw chemicals - acrylonitrile can be made through green chemistry routes? • What is the current state-of-the-art in high performance bio-based resins, as recycling routes are likely to combust the resin chemicals, whether directly or as recovered fuel? - Sustainability of Emissions • Emissions treatment minimizing NOx, treating water vapor to minimize contrails / environmental effects, Co2. - Noise • Need acoustic, noise capability for aircraft, prop, GT to enable design and attribute development • - Propeller noise reduction concepts e.g. unevenly spaced blades, box prop? Energy storage • Hydrogen storage and refueling - high pressure gas and liquid (cryogenics/insulation system) – what are the risks and mitigation methods? (i.e. for leakage and explosion) • For cry storage should the strategy for storage be; insulate vs refrigerate vs boil off • Power dense hydrogen fuel cells - state of the art today, 5 years and 10 year roadmap • Hydrogen / Ammonia Combustion - A comparison of both fuels to kerosene combustion bringing out risks • and opportunities and sensitivity study looking at mixing the 2 fuels • Energy dense batteries - state of the art today, 5 years and 10 year roadmap and impacts within a hybrid powertrain system ? • Ammonia storage and refueling - in liquid form - what at the risks (i.e. leakage, exposure and toxicity)? • - What are the implications for cracking ammonia into hydrogen? Propulsion • Explore the potential for retrofitting existing wing fuel tanks based on ammonia properties and system requirements. • Power dense motors - what is the state of the art today, and 5 years / 10 year roadmap • Cryometers - what is the potential for power density? • Flight physics of a wing with distributed propulsion - what are the design rules? • Insulating electrical power solution at high altitude - are there specific requirements? • Does any part of the propulsion system benefit from being in the pressurized or unpressurised area of the aircraft? • - In what scenarios do we need to consider inert backfill for fuel tanks ? Aircraft structure and control • What are the options available for improvements in flight physics to enable performance recovery e.g. active wing shape? • Certification of bonded structures e.g. chicken rivets vs bonding - what are the options that would satisfy the certification agencies? • What are the considerations for low-speed handling qualities and thrust ratio optimization? • What are the takeoff and climb power boost for a more efficient solution (onboard, off board) zero carbon? - Cabin Design • What are the opportunities for cabin design innovation to improve passenger experience and lightweight the aircraft structure, and fit with a next generation zero carbon aircraft platform.