University:
University College London
Course:
LAWS0025 | Environmental Law
Academic year:

2024
Views:

174

Pages:

3
Author:

Nam B.

Innovation During Crisis Presented by: Gwilym Roberts Date: 2020 Patenting Activity - Patenting activity - Huge thanks to Costas Stephanites at RWS - Innovation stories - Extrapolation forwards Innovations During And After Crisis - Crisis as innovation accelerator - Crisis as collaboration driver - Crisis and consequence - Crisis and serendipity Innovation After Covid-19 - Acceleration of data and internet technologies - Future growth in prevention, protection and mitigation - Public policy issues The World Needs Pharmaceuticals From India & China To Beat Covid-19 Presented by: Date: 2020 India, China & Pharma Supply Chains - India and China's manufacturing capabilities play crucial roles in the global pharmaceutical industry - • China major supplier of APIs • India major supplier of generic formulations & vaccines Likely to be key for any treatment to meet most of the world's people Indian Pharma, IP & Manufacturing Capabilities - India's pharmaceutical industry emerged • Through limited patent protection (1970 Patent Act) • & restrictions on foreign investment (e.g. Foreign Exchange Regulation Act 1973, New Drug Policy 1978) - Backlash - The Making of TRIPS: • Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers Association (PHRMA) - "the Indian patent system was the most direct motivation for US efforts in the Uruguay Round negotiations relating to patents" (PhRMA, 1999) - Global attention - India's "Pharmacy of the developing world" Covid-19 Drug: Remdesevir - An anti-viral approved for treatment of Ebola - Patent owned by Gilead • Mid-February: Gilead began trials in Wuhan • End March - 5 Chinese companies and Taiwanese National Health Institute had capacity to produce the drug - Voluntary licenses already issued - for supply to 127 countries - to 9 companies, 7 of which are in India: • Cipla, Dr. Reddy's, Hetero, Jubilant Lifesciences, Mylan, SYNGENE, Zydus CADILA Covid-19 Drug: Dexamethasone - India produces 46% of the global volume - Relies on API from China Conclusion - - Manufacturing capabilities matter for access • → China & India key • E.g. hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, dexamethasone • Vaccine scaling up already under way of promising candidates Deals already happening between innovator companies - if product under patent - and licensees - Little public transparency over the nature of these deals