Brazilian Overview About EVTOL Flying Car

Brazilian overview about EVTOL Flying Car UCL ALUMNI JOINT CHAPTER WEBINAR The Present and Future of Smart Cars - Law and Policy Date: 6th December 2023 Presented by: MS Nicole René G. e Cunha, (Banking and Finance LLM, CCLS-QMUL and LLM in Innovation & Technology, FGV), Partner at Basch & Rameh Advogados Associados. Definition Autonomous operation means an unmanned aircraft which during its operation a remote pilot intervention in the flight or part thereof is not possible. (e94.3(7)- RBAC-e 94). Brazil has ratified the Chicago Convention - Article 8 - "No aircraft capable of being flown without a pilot shall be flown without a pilot over the territory of a contracting state without special authorization by that state and in accordance with the terms of such authorization. Each contracting state undertakes to ensure that the flight of such aircraft without a pilot in regions open to civil aircraft shall be so controlled as to obviate danger to civil aircraft." Authorities: 1. ANAC - Brazilian National Civil Aviation Agency and Other Aviation Authorities Worldwide 2. DECEA - Air Traffic Control Department 3. ANATEL - Brazilian National Agency of Telecommunications 4. Other Bodies: Federal, State and Municipality authorities. 5. Power Energy Sector Legislation or Certification: 1. Brazilian Aeronautical Code - Federal Law 7.565/1986; 2. General Brazilian Civil and Criminal laws related to air operations, civil and criminal liabilities; 3. Civil Aviation Resolutions established by ANAC for Project Certifications of EVTOLS, maintenance, operation, pilots and insurance. 4. Regulations from the Air Traffic Control Department (DECEA) and ANATEL (Telecommunications) (ex.: regulation of transponders). 5. Environmental legislation. 6. Federal, Estate and Municipality legislation related to noise and zone regulations, licenses for constructions of vertiports and infrastructure. New Concept: The AAM (Advance Air Mobility) Ecosystem (which includes the urban air mobility concept) will engage a range of sectors such as: - Manufacturers, Maintenance Providers, Aviation Agencies, Airport Authorities, Air Traffic Control Authorities, Municipal, State and Federal Authorities and Regulators (Energy sector), Infrastructure, Al; - Multimodal transportation (metro stations, commercial centers, airports with vertiports); - Integration of different players: 1) The use of combined air space among different operators: helicopters, commercial aircraft, EVTOLS and drones, 2) Airport authorities, 3) New platforms for service providers, such as boarding passengers in specific vertiports connected to urban areas, 4) Safety, 5) Al, 6) Urban infrastructure (construction companies, private and public investments), among others. - AAM technology combined work from Air Traffic Control Authorities with the use of 5G technology. Challenges: 1. Time and cost for certification projects and operational certification; 2. New manufacturers may underestimate the costs involved with the specific knowledge and technology requirements. 3. Cooperation for certification among aviation authorities worldwide - recently in October 2023 ANAC signed a cooperation agreement with the FAA in the United States for the certification of EVTOLS. 4. Cooperation of private and public investors for infrastructure and combined legislation for the AAM. Ex.: Construction of new vertical ports (vertiports) depend on municipality rules (zoning and license), construction companies. High investment in electric power to enable the operation of vertiports. 5. Paradigm brake - Persuasion of consumers re the safety of EVTOLS. Future Benefits: 1. Alternative transport for short distances facilitating urban mobility with lower cost of infrastructure compared to adapt infrastructure on ground to reduce traffic cars; 2. Lower cost for consumers and air operators - democratization for new group of consumers flying between short distances with a lower cost compared to helicopter costs - reduction of operational costs for air companies in 80%; 3. Integration of metropolis and state's countryside; 4. Sustainable environment - less noise (alternative travel for short distances where noise helicopter is not acceptable), less pollutant (zero emission of fossil fuel) using different technologies such as propellants in the wings, hydrogen fuel and oxygen avoiding use of fossil fuel and batteries; 5. New players in the market - new platforms which will be developed to integrate the new system re boarding, maintenance, construction of vertiports on the top of train and metro stations, battery charges, reutilization and eco disposal of batteries. 6. Growth in tax collection for local Governments from new activities and investment returns for local cities. 7. Development of technologies achieving the autonomous operation of EVTOLS. 8. In accordance with ANAC publication in August 2023 the World market is estimated in 1 trillion USD by 2040. EVTOLS Definition  EVTOLS are electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft.  Brazilian Aeronautical Code Definition: "an aircraft is considered to be any device that is maneuverable in flight, that can support itself and circulate in air space, through aerodynamic reactions, capable of transporting people or things." (article 106-law 7.565/1986).  The Brazilian National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC) is the main authority responsible to establish rules for certification and operation of EVTOLS.