Characteristics of Contemporary Processors

.1 Characteristics of contemporary processors, input, output and storage devices .1.1 Architecture Main Parts of a CPU Control Unit ALU Registers Registers within the CPU Accumulator Memory Data Register Memory Address Register Program Counter Current Instruction Register Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle Registers involved Fetch, decode, execute cycle CPU performance factors Clock speed Multi-core Cache RAM size GPU Pipelining Upgraded Drive Upgraded OS .1.2 Von Neumann and Harvard Von Neumann architecture MAR & MDR Program Counter Accumulator Harvard architecture CISC and RISC CISC RISC Multicore and Parallel processing Pipelining Array processor Multi-core GPU Types of Processor Teach-ICT Computer Science learning for school students .1.3 Selecting Devices Input Output Storage Type of storage Magnetic Optical Solid State Backup and Archiving Input Output and Storage RAM and ROM and virtual storage Main memory Volatile memory - what is it? RAM DRAM SRAM ROM Virtual storage .2 Types of software and software development .2.1 Operating System Purpose of an operating system Kernel Device Drivers Utilities User Interface Memory Management Segmentation Pagination Virtual memory Memory issues Interrupts and Polling Polling Scheduling Round Robin First Come First Serve Shortest Job Shortest time Multi-level Types of operating systems Multi Tasking Multi User Distributed Real Time Embedded Batch BIOS Booting BIOS POST System start Operating system boot Teach-ICT Computer Science learning for school students .2.2 .2.3 Device Drivers Kernel Device drivers User interface Utilities Virtual Machines Virtual machines VM with operating system VM with bytecode Types of applications and utilities Applications Utilities Generic software Bespoke & Custom software Closed source Open source Applications generation Program creation Translators Interpreters Compilers Assemblers Stages of compilation Lexical Syntactic Code generation Linkers Loaders & Libraries Modules Libraries Linkers Loaders Applications Generation Software development Software Development Waterfall Rapid Application Development Merits of different software methods Programming Paradigms Paradigms Low level languages Procedural languages Object Oriented languages Declarative languages Functional languages Procedural language techniques What is a procedural language Procedures Subroutines Functions Program flow Variables and Scope Constants String Handling File Handling Operators Types of programming language .2.4 Teach-ICT Computer Science learning for school students Little Man Computer (LMC) LMC Model Instruction Set Labels Calculation Branching Input-Output Loops Memory Modes Immediate addressing Direct addressing Indirect addressing Indexed addressing OOP Class Attributes Methods Objects Interface Encapsulation Polymorphism Assembly language .2.5 Object Orientated Programming .3 Exchanging data .3.1 Compression & Encryption Compression Principle of compression Lossy compression Lossless compression Dictionary compression Run Length encoding Encryption Symmetric encryption Asymmetric encryption RSA and AES Comparison Public-private keys Hashing What it is Hash uses Passwords Digital Certificates Faster searching Databases Flat file databases Relational databases Primary key Foreign key Secondary key Teach-ICT Computer Science learning for school students .3.2 .3.3 Normalisation First Normal Form Second Normal Form Third Normal Form SQL SQL language Tables Create and Alter Select and retreive Combine with JOIN Transaction Processing Transaction C.R.U.D A.C.I.D Networks Network Characteristics Protocol and standards importance Models and Protocol Layering Internet 4 Layer Model Protocol Layering Physical & Logical layers OSI The TCP/IP stack TCP/IP Ports and Sockets Internet Protocols Global standards UDP HTTP(s) FTP POP,LDAP,SMTP Ethernet IP Addressing IP Format Databases Network Characteristics DNS and Domain Name MAC address LANs, WANs, PANs, SANs, MANS PAN LAN WAN SAN and MAN Packet & Circuit Switching Circuit switching Datagrams Packet Switching Network configuration Client Server Peer to peer Network Security Authentication User rights User Education Encryption Firewall Proxy Server Network Hardware NIC - Network Interface Controller Router Bridge Hub Switch WAP Web Technologies HTML CSS Javascript Compression Principle of compression Lossy compression Lossless compression Web Search Web crawler spider Page Rank Advanced Search Client & Server processing Client side processing Client side pros and cons Server side processing Server side pros and cons Processing technologies Teach-ICT Computer Science learning for school students .3.4 Web Technologies .4 Representing Data Primitive Integer Range Unsigned Signed Sign & Magnitude Two's compliment Real Fixed point Floating point Mantissa, Exponent Placing binary point Teach-ICT Computer ScienceNormalising learning for school students .4.1 .4.2 Real Character String Boolean Floating point limits Normalising Floating point Examples Primitives Arithmetic Floating point addition Floating point subtraction Bit manipulation Left shift Right shift Circular shift AND, OR, XOR applied Character Sets Character Set ASCII Extended ASCII Unicode UTF-8 Hexadecimal Numbers Why Hexadecimal Denary to Hexadecimal Hexadecimal to Denary Binary to Hexadecimal Hexadecimal to Binary Data Structures List Linked List Array Tuple Dictionary (associative array) Arrays 1 dimensional array 2 dimensional array 3 dimensional array Array iterations Array operations Data Structures FIFO queue Code examples Graph Undirected graph Directed graph Weighted graph Adjacency Matrix Adjacency List Breadth First Search Depth First Search Python code examples Trees Parts of a tree Tree traversal Preorder traversal Inorder traversal Postorder traversal Python tree code example Teach-ICT Computer Science learning for school students .4.3 Hash tables Hashing Hash Functions Load Factor Search algorithm Linear Probe Chaining Boolean Logic Boolean algebra expressions Logic and design NOT operation OR operation AND operation XOR operation NAND operation NOR operation Gates, Expressions Combining gates Multi-level diagrams Expression to Diagram Building Truth tables Diagram to Truth tables Karnaugh Maps Constructing Minimise expression Truth table to minterms Minterms to Map Simplification Boolean identities Boolean Laws De Morgan's Theorems Simplifying practice Logic Adders Half Adder Full Adders .5 Legal, moral, cultural and ethical issues .5.1 Computing related legislation Artificial Intelligence Automated Decision Making .5.2 Ethical, moral and cultural issues Censorship and the internet Computers in the workforce 2.3 Algorithms, their use to describe problems and standard algorithms 2.3 Algorithm analysis Analysing algorithms Space efficiency Time efficiency Compromises Big O notation Big O expressions Analysing algorithms Big O as functions Complexity Simplifying Inner loops Main term Comparing algorithms Search Sort algorithms Linear Sequential search Binary search Bubble sort Insertion sort Merge sort Quicksort Path finding algorithms Dikjstra's algorithm A* algorithm Algorithms