Great Writing Third Ed Answer Key

Great Writing 3: From Great Paragraphs to Great Essays, 3rd ed. Answer Key zUnit 1 Activity 1, page 6 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. b Activity 2, page 7 Preview Questions Answers will vary. Post-Reading 1. d 2. underline: There are many steps in changing a tire on your car. 3. 8 Activity 3, pages 8–9 1. smartphones, a 2. Nino’s Pizzeria, b 3. dolphins, c 4. snowboarding, a 5. seashells, c Activity 4, page 10 1. b, the drink of choice 2. c, a terrible day at work 3. a, had a wonderful time 4. c, has increased in popularity 5. a, was a catastrophe Activity 5, page 11 Answers will vary. Activity 6, pages 12–13 Answers will vary. Possible answers: Paragraph 2: Not eating breakfast every day can have bad consequences for our body. Paragraph 3: There are six steps for finding a great job. Paragraph 4: There are many different types of acting. Activities 7–9, pages 14–17 Answers will vary. Activity 10, pages 18–20 Paragraph 5: 1. good supporting sentence, supports the topic sentence by giving a quality of a good restaurant (quality of the food) 2. unrelated sentence, does not talk about qualities of a good restaurant 3. good supporting sentence, supports the topic sentence by giving a quality of a good restaurant (pleasant atmosphere) Paragraph 6: 1. good supporting sentence, supports the topic sentence by explaining what they did in Washington, DC (visit some of the Smithsonian Institution’s museums) 2. good supporting sentence, supports the topic sentence by explaining what they did in Washington, DC. (walk around) 3. unrelated sentence, gives information that does not tell about the trip to Washington, DC Activity 11, page 21 1. fragment, Students encounter an incredible amount of new vocabulary every day as they read English. 2. fragment, Some learners overcome this problem by using flash cards. 3. correct; correct 4. fragment, A flash card is a small card for learning vocabulary. 5. correct; fragment, Learners write the new word on one side of the card, and they write a definition on the other side. 6. fragment, Serious learners study flash cards every day or two to learn new vocabulary. Activity 12, page 22 1. families, correct 2. correct, correct 3. correct, members 4. elders, correct 5. correct, correct 6. caregivers, hours, correct Activities 13–17, pages 23–28 Answers will vary. Activity 18, pages 29–30 Preview Questions Answers will vary. Post-Reading 1. Illegal drug use in cycling 2. The illegal drug use that has plagued the world of professional cycling for decades must be stopped. 1 3. It is unfortunate that these athletes value winning more than their lives. 4. opinion 5. Several professional baseball players in the United States have also been involved in a similar drug controversy. 6. The paragraph is about illegal drug use in cycling, but this sentence is about illegal drug use in baseball. 7. The writer’s main purpose is to tell about illegal drug use in cycling. 8. Answers will vary. Activity 19, pages 31–32 Paragraph 8: Topic sentence: Tsunamis are groups of waves that are born from natural phenomena such as landslides, eruptions from volcanoes, and, most typically, earthquakes. Unrelated sentence: Earthquakes are scarier than tsunamis. Concluding sentence: Answers will vary. Paragraph 9: Topic sentence: There are three varieties of guitars that most musicians play: electric, acoustic, and bass. Unrelated sentence: Bass guitars are fun to play. Concluding sentence: Answers will vary. Activity 20, pages 32–33 1. extra 11. flowers 2. to show 12. quickly 3. to move upward 13. therefore 4. polite 14. disagreement 5. very big 15. cannot move 6. to end 16. very old 7. usually bad 17. connection 8. for your car 18. a place 9. correctly 19. without 10. kill 20. main Activity 21, pages 33–34 1. to 9. sharp metal 2. seatbelt 10. of 3. vehicle 11. leading 4. become 12. face 5. key 13. employer 6. wide 14. in 7. stay 15. timely 8. on Activities 22–23, pages 34–36 Answers will vary. 2 ANSWER KEY zUNIT 2 Activity 1, pages 41–42 Preview Questions Answers will vary. Post-Reading 1. The writer’s purpose is to explain how to prepare to paint a mural. 2. Yes, all sentences in the paragraph are related to the topic. 3. Answers will vary. Activity 2, page 43 Answers will vary. Activity 3, page 45 1. When a person goes shopping, he or she should always look for sales. 2. One should carpool if one wants to save on gas. 3. Doctors warn people that they should “watch what they eat.” 4. Jeff made minestrone soup for dinner. He told his mother that she should wait until it cooled down before eating it. Activity 4, page 46 1. First and/or second, person, informal 2. Third person, formal 3. First person, informal 4. Second person, informal 5. First person, formal Activities 5–7, pages 47–48 Answers will vary. Activity 8, pages 49–50 Preview Questions Answers will vary. Post-Reading 1. A restaurant kitchen can be a very hectic place. 2. The purpose of this paragraph is to describe how a restaurant kitchen can be a very hectic place. 3. The action in a restaurant kitchen never stops. 4. restatement Activity 9, page 50 1. possible answers: chefs, staff, servers, customers, bussers 2. They give the reader specific examples of the types of people in a kitchen. 3. possible answers: hustle (in and out), hurry 4. a. hectic place, b. tremendous pace, c. empty plates, d. huge sinks, e. constant flow, f. complicated juggling act Activity 10, page 51 1. circle: I, them, they; change them to rice cakes 2. circle: it, They; change They to People 3. circle: them, he; change them to the chicken and potatoes; may also change he to my cousin or Frank 4. circle: They, It; change It to Hummus Activity 11, pages 52–53 1. Miami 2. Chicago’s 3. Miami 4. Chicagoans and Miamians 5. Miamians 6. my cousin and I Activity 12, pages 53–54 underline: (4) It is important to wash your clothes with good-quality laundry detergent to keep them looking neat and clean. Activity 13, pages 55–56 1. Sentence number 5; the paragraph offers a classification of three different genres of movies, but sentence 5 offers irrelevant information of a personal nature about the author’s childhood preferences. 2. Sentence number 10; the paragraph is about three different genres of movies, but sentence 10 offers an unrelated meaning of the word “hybrid” as it relates to cars. Activity 14, page 57 a. 2 b. 4 c. 5 d. 1 e. 3 1. A typical day for a magician 2. The writer’s purpose is to describe the events in a normal day for a magician named Michael. 3. he, his, performance, Michael Activity 15, page 59 1. 48 or 49 2. on a wall 3. very good 4. the speed 5. winter 6. a type 7. effect 8. very good 9. not extreme 10. parallel Activity 16, page 60 1. follow 2. catch 3. a purpose 4. impact 5. of 6. traffic 7. on 8. books 11. the movement 12. the origin 13. to clean 14. very busy 15. different 16. to move quickly 17. large, a lot 18. to modify 19. in a bedroom 20. rules 9. lit 10. mashed 11. layer 12. of 13. floor 14. of 15. plot Activities 17–18, pages 60–62 Answers will vary. zUNIT 3 Activity 1, pages 66–68 Preview Questions Answers will vary. Post-Reading 1. The disappearing South Aral Sea 2. In my entire life, I have never witnessed an environmental disaster like the disappearing South Aral Sea. 3. The purpose is to describe the South Aral Sea. 4. Sample answer: The purpose of this paragraph is to tell about the disappearing of the South Aral Sea. 5. check marks next to a, b, c, and d Activities 2–3, pages 69–70 Answers will vary. Activity 4, pages 71–72 1. similarities between good writers and good ballerinas 2. In reality, the qualities of a good writer mirror the qualities of a good ballerina. 3 3. In sum, few people realize that writers and ballerinas share these common traits. 4. restatement 5. to tell about the similarities between good writers and a good ballerina 6. Sample answer: The purpose of this paragraph is to tell about the similarities between good writers and good ballerinas. 7. check marks next to a, b, and c 8. a, The paragraph showed the similarities between writers and ballerinas. Activities 5–6, pages 73–74 Answers will vary. Activity 7, page 76 1. Mexicans celebrate … 2. On December 31st, many countries celebrate… 3. People across the world use … Activity 8, page 77 1. Change “absolute” to “absolutely.” 2. Change “academy” to “academic.” 3. Change “technological” to “technology.” 4. Change “portability” to “portable.” 5. Change “environmental” to “environmentally.” 6. Change “heavily” to “heavy.” 7. Change “container” to “contains” Activity 9, pages 78–79 Preview Questions Answers will vary. Post-Reading 1. dropping out of college 2. The truth is, no matter how much these administrators focus on keeping them in school, there are always reasons for students to drop out. 3. Whatever the reasons, it is no joke that “retention”numbers are not as healthy as they may appear at the surface. 4. opinion 5. to tell about the causes of students dropping out. 6. Sample answer: The purpose of this paragraph is to tell about the various causes of students dropping out of college. 7. a, the paragraph lists various causes of students dropping out of college. Activities 10–11, pages 79–81 Answers will vary. 4 ANSWER KEY Activity 12, pages 82–83 1. runners 2. In the world of track and field, there are three different types of runners: sprinters, middle-distance runners, and distance runners. 3. Because of the variations, almost anyone can fit into one of the three running categories. 4. opinion 5. to describe the three different types of runners 6. Sample answer: The purpose of this paragraph is to describe the three different types of runners. 7. a, runners. b, sprinters, middle-distance runners, and distance runners. c, sprinters, middle-distance runners, and distance runners. d–e, Answers will vary. Activity 13, pages 84–85 Answers will vary. Activity 14, pages 85–86 1. easy to see 11. too much 2. stamina 12. characteristics 3. for a short time 13. old things 4. a show 14. very 5. empty 15. for science 6. a word or phrase 16. essential 7. features 17. difficulty 8. to improve 18. to make happen 9. not fat 19. expensive 10. cannot see 20. examples Activity 15, pages 86–87 1. to our 9. of 2. of 10. neighborhood 3. of 11. of 4. have 12. event 5. agree 13. surface 6. of 14. in 7. handle 15. last 8. differences Activities 16–17, pages 87–88 Answers will vary. zUNIT 4 Activity 1, pages 92–93 Preview Questions Answers will vary. Post-Reading 1. I walk into the restaurant’s dining room and take in all the action — people from all walks of life interacting with each other. 2. four young women, a young couple, five men in their thirties and forties, a middle-aged man Activity 2, pages 94–96 1. Describing a restaurant. 2. It is 8:00 p.m. and I scan the restaurant and take in all the action — people from all walks of life interacting with each other. 3. Paragraph 2: In the left corner of the restaurant are several small round tables, and at this moment, they are all occupied. Paragraph 3: In the center of the dining room things are happening. Paragraph 4: In the far right corner of the restaurant, a middle-aged man is sitting alone. 4. Description of what people do on the weekends. 5. a. Brightly colored career b. cashmere c. top-of-the-line d. lighthearted e. socially rewarding 6. refers back to the job. Activity 3, pages 96–97 I. A–B. Answers are given. C. It is 8:00 p.m., and I scan the restaurant and take in all the action – people from all walks of life interacting with each other. II. Body Paragraph 1: Answer is given. A. Answer is given. 1. laughing 2. telling a joke 3. wearing bright outfits. B. Couple 1. Answer is given 2. playing with her ring 3. tearing her napkin 4. holding his cup III. Body Paragraph 2: Answer is given. A. Five men are sitting around a table. 1. talking and laughing 2. whispering 3. elegantly dressed B. Answer is given. 1. Appear to be having lively discussion 2. All want to add something to the IV. Body Paragraph 3: In the far right corner of the restaurant, a middle-aged man is sitting alone. A. Middle-aged man sitting alone 1. not lonely 2. on cell phone 3. alternating tone 4. drinking coffee V. A–B. Answers are given. Activities 4–5, page 98–99 Answers will vary. Activity 6, pages 100–101 Post-Reading 9–10:30 a.m.: greeted by small, unassuming tour company bus (Fiat); single type of tree (palm tree), short drive away from port; along the coast low, squat buildings, shaded by breathtaking palms 10:30 a.m.–1 p.m.: walking tour in town center; leisurely stroll through the town; buildings were whitewashed and adorned with blue window shutters; porcelain faces with penetrating azure eyes 1 p.m.–end of excursion: old stone path; local eatery; tanned, middle-aged woman who was balancing a big jog of water on her head; late afternoon sun…magical blue shutters of Kaouther’s living room Activity 7, pages 109–110 1. come together 11. to make a sound 2. clothes 12. speak 3. for fishing 13. serious, anxious 4. perfect 14. happy 5. to say softly 15. deeply 6. to fall 16. happy 7. look 17. sweater 8. little differences 18. modern 9. to go to a place 19. nervous 10. wait 20. noise Activity 8, page 110 1. stand 2. happy 3. like 4. potatoes 5. trouble 6. names 7. office 8. to 9. fear 10. pieces 11. remind 12. all 13. from 14. survey 15. with 5 Activity 9, pages 110–112 Answers will vary. Activity 5, pages 125–126 Answers will vary. zUNIT 5 Activity 6, pages 126–127 Possible answers: 1. comparing; “It is also much farther north than Miami is.” or “We also considered the worst temperatures in both cities.” 2. contrasting; “Conversely, Miami enjoys warm temperatures while having to deal with the threat of hurricanes.” 3. contrasting; “While blizzards affect Chicago, the biggest weather problem for people in Miami is a hurricane.” or “While hurricanes occur less frequently than blizzards, they can cause much more damage. 4. contrasting; Miami, on the other hand, is in the southeastern corner of the United States.” Activity 1, page 116 The correct answers are 2, 4, 5, 8, and 10. Activity 2, pages 119–121 I. Introduction C. Thesis statement II. B. 1. Location 3. Names of seasons III. A. Chicago B. Miami 2. Temperature IV. Point of comparison A. 3. Effects B. 2. hurricanes V. A. Restate C. opinion Activity 3, pages 121–123 Preview Questions Answers will vary. Post-Reading 1. the number of seasons, the worst temperatures, kinds of severe weather 2. point-by-point 3. circle: People usually have very strong opinions about what constitutes good weather, and one person’s idea of good weather may easily be another person’s weather nightmare. 4. underline: Our discussion centered on three differences between the weather in our two hometowns. Yes. Thesis restated: In the end, my cousin and I learned that each of our climates has its unique characteristics. 5. Answers will vary. 6. opinion; Thus, we believe that the definition of perfect weather depends largely on each person’s preference. Activity 4, page 124 1. Answer is given. 2. consider 3. addition 4. frequently 6 ANSWER KEY 5. 6. 7. 8. unique threat difference, different perceive Activity 7, pages 127–128 1. better 5. more casual 2. longer 6. more quickly 3. more difficult 7. most perfect 4. hottest 8. worst Activity 8, page 128 1. no correction 2. more interesting 3. no correction 4. the most important 5. healthier Activity 9, page 129 Answer will vary. Possible answer: I earned my pilot’s license when I was fifteen years old. Activity 10, page 130 1. When 4. both 2. Both 5. also 3. For example 6. as Activity 11, page 131 1. fascinated 2. does 3. is powered by 4. Answers will vary. Possible answer: Just like my real plane, Adam’s model airplane has a wing, which creates lift. 5. Surprisingly, even though the model plane is only five feet long, it flies at about . . . 6. slower 7. Answers will vary. Possible answer: I was surprised at how similar his model was to the real thing. Activity 12, page 132 Although a (article) real airplane is controlled from within the cockpit while a model plane is controlled with a remote control, to fly / flying (word form) each of our planes requires a similar technique. Consequently, because I know how to fly my real plane, I was easily able to fly the model plane. Both have (subject-verb agreement) a throttle that controls the speed of the plane. Both use (verb tense) a rudder on the vertical tail fin that steers the plane left and right while in the air. Also, both use ailerons on the wings that bank the plane to the left or to the right. Both use wheels to taxi to the runway on the ground. In fact, in a real plane, the same foot pedals steer (verb tense) the plane left and right while in the air and guide the plane left and right while on the ground. Similarly, the (article) same left-right motion on the remote control moves (passive voice) both the rudder and the wheels. Activity 13, page 132 1. delighted 2. experience 3. by 4. realized 5. similar 6. to 7. airplanes 8. a real plane 9. requires 10. it operates 11. on 12. this Activity 14, page 133 1. radio-controlled model airplanes and real airplanes 2. point-by-point 3. Possible answer: I earned my pilot’s license when I was fifteen years old. 4. Thesis statement: I was pleasantly surprised to find that the experience of flying a model plane is remarkably similar to piloting a real plane. Yes. Restated thesis: I was delighted to discover that I could experience the wonder and thrill of flight by flying a model airplane. 5. the basic physics of flight of a model airplane and a real airplane 6. opinion; I was glad to share this amazing experience with my good friend. Activity 15, pages 133–134 1. cold 11. kind, nice 2. to increase 12. bad 3. to expect 13. a bad dream 4. about 75 14. a part of a plane 5. however 15. gasoline 6. to stop 16. something bad 7. unseen 17. to change your routine 8. important 18. the opposite 9. similarly 19. wet 10. to drop in a pile 20. although Activity 16, pages 134–135 1. strong 9. have 2. turn 10. communication 3. control 11. of 4. similar 12. in 5. company’s 13. hit 6. on 14. in 7. effects 15. pivotal 8. experience Activity 17, pages 135–136 Answers will vary. zUNIT 6 Activity 1, page 141 The correct answers are 1, 2, 5, 7, and 8. Activity 2, pages 143–144 I. A. Hook C. Thesis statement II. Psychological B. Depression III. C. Eye strain IV. A. Low grades C. Reduced concentration V. A. thesis C. opinion Activity 3, pages 145–147 Preview Questions Answers will vary. Post-Reading 1. causes 2. underline: University administrators call it “retention,” and it refers to the number of students who choose to stay in college. 7 3. circle: The truth is, no matter how much these administrators focus on keeping students in school, there are always reasons for them to drop out. No. 4. a. financial b. demanding coursework c. personal pressures 5. a. away from home for the first time b. living with strangers c. absence of family 6. categorically Activity 4, page 147 1. Answer is given. 2. choose 3. existing 4. difficult 5. absent 6. increase 7. vigor 8. regular 9. well 10. examination Activity 5, pages 148–149 Answers will vary. Activity 6, page 149 1. Due to being unprepared for all the studying involved in maintaining good grades, these students end up leaving the university after a short time. 2. Another cause for students to drop out of school is that they find the rigors of the coursework too demanding. 3. As a result many students drop out of college because of a shortage of funds. 4. As a result many students drop out of college because of a shortage of funds. Activity 7, page 151 1. want 2. have experienced 3. did not have 4. do 5. work 6. are not Activity 8, pages 152–153 1. for 4. of 2. At 5. in 3. on 6. in Activity 9, page 154 Answers will vary. Possible answer: Because of a significant increase in the number of obese adults and children in many countries, people’s eating and exercising habits have become regular topics in the media. 8 ANSWER KEY Activity 10, page 155 1. For instance 4. In addition 2. also 5. Another 3. so that 6. Thus Activity 11, page 156 1. benefits 2. Regular exercise produces endorphins, which are the body’s natural mood enhancer. 3. gives 4. People who exercise 5. Most important, people who take care of themselves agree that they feel better about themselves. Because they look better, they have an increased confidence in themselves. 6. Remove the last sentence. Activity 12, page 157 Taking proper care of one’s health also leads to a (article) better social life. The confidence that a person gains from feeling healthy and in shape improves his or her social and business relationships. Because health-minded people engage in a variety of physical activities, they increase (verb tense) their chances of meeting people. For example, many people make (subjectverb agreement) friends at the local (word form) gym. Similarly, someone who goes to the (article) beach frequently to play volleyball greatly increases his or her chances of meeting people. Since people who pursue a healthy lifestyle look (verb tense) and feel better about themselves, they are more likely to have fulfilling social lives. Activity 13, page 158 1. makes 2. to 3. are 4. changing 5. do not 6. their 7. until 8. While 9. healthy 10. are Activity 14, page 158 1. healthy lifestyles 2. effects 3. Answers will vary. Possible answer: “Because of a significant increase in the number of obese adults and children in many countries, people’s eating and exercising habits have become regular topics in the media.” 4. physical benefits, psychological benefits, and social benefits 5. underline: In fact, there are physical, psychological, and social benefits to living a healthy lifestyle. Yes. Restated Thesis: It certainly makes sense to live a healthy lifestyle; the benefits are clear. 6. Answers will vary. Possible answers include: slim, athletic figure; reduced risk of disease; increased energy, longer lifespan, healthierlooking skin 7. categorically Activity 15, page 159 1. to change 2. because of 3. to say 4. very negative 5. not lean 6. to follow 7. damage 8. a shortage 9. surroundings 10. to participate in Activity 16, page 160 1. an effect 2. to 3. of 4. from 5. significantly 6. benefits 7. smile 8. reason 11. even 12. money 13. not recent 14. the effect 15. a disagreement 16. thin 17. by the ocean 18. many 19. to get, take 20. clothing 9. with 10. involved 11. healthy 12. affect 13. risk 14. serious 15. for Activity 17, pages 161–162 Answers will vary. zUNIT 7 Activity 1, page 167 The correct answers are 2, 4, 7, 8, and 10. Activity 2, pages 169–170 I. Introduction C. Thesis statement II. TV acting B. 1. Stories change every week D. 1. Written notes III. A. Form B. 2. Same set D. 1. No editing IV. Type/Category 3 A. 1. Screenplay C. 1. Memorize lines D. 2. Boredom Activity 3, pages 171–174 Preview Questions Answers will vary. Post-Reading 1. c. type of acting 2. circle: Acting has been a form of entertainment for millennia. 3. underline: Still keeping some of its roots from Greek times, acting can be classified in three ways: television acting, stage acting, and film acting. Yes. Restated Thesis: Whichever form it takes—television, stage, or film—acting as a form of entertainment ranks very high on most people’s lists of favorite activities to watch. 4. sets, dialogs, and scenes 5. paragraph 4. Because directors may request that an actor repeat a scene until they are happy with the results. 6. opinion; Regardless of the type of acting one enjoys, it is safe to say that the audience appreciates the craft of acting and the many hours of enjoyment that it provides. Activity 4, page 175 1. Answer is given. 2. deliver 3. repeatedly 4. entertaining 5. 6. 7. 8. chronological boredom rank appreciate Activity 5, pages 175–176 Answers will vary. Activity 6, pages 177 1. This type of acting generally takes the form of television programs produced on studio lots. classifying 2. For instance, if the story line of a film happens to take place in Russia, the film crew and actors can go on location in that country to film. giving an example 3. Another form of acting is stage acting. listing 4. During this time, listeners had to imagine the sets, the scenery, and even the physical form of the performers. time relationship 5. That is, actors may memorize their lines for the ending of the movie and film those scenes before working on the beginning. restating Activity 7, page 178 1. Mistakes were made by students. 2. An anniversary party for my parents was organized by my sister. 9 3. A gift was given to John by Ursula. 4. The forest near our home was destroyed by fire. Activity 8, page 180 1. was driven, correct 2. who teaches 3. correct, correct 4. that is located / which is located 5. correct, correct 6. correct, are sent 7. correct. that is felt 8. is said Activity 9, page 181 Answers will vary. Possible answer: It can be a long weekend, a spontaneous getaway, or a trip around the world. Activity 10, page 182 1. If 2. Another 3. For example/For instance 4. Finally 5. For example/For instance 6. Regardless of Activity 11, pages 182–183 1. Omit the sentence. 2. Possible answer: Because each person is paying for himself or herself, transportation costs tend to be lower as well. 3. who 4. easier 5. Indeed 6. is created 7. good Activity 12, pages 183–184 Finally, people can choose to travel alone. It takes a special person to feel comfortable doing this. This type of individual feels comfortable being alone and having limited company. As for transportation, single travelers are often the luckiest travelers. They have more chances of getting plane seats on stand-by, and sometimes their seats are upgraded to first class. This would be impossible to do with a larger group. Sightseeing is also not a problem for single travelers. They can choose to wake up late in the day, sightsee at night, or skip lunch if they feel like it. Conversely, they might experience feelings of loneliness from not being able to talk to someone else about the wonderful things they are seeing, 10 ANSWER KEY the great foods they are eating, and the amazing experiences. Traveling alone can have other benefits as well. Single travelers are more likely to meet others while on vacation. They do not have anyone else to worry about, so they are free to strike up conversations with strangers. Many single travelers love the solitary adventure and say that they learn a lot about themselves while traveling. Activity 13, page 184 1. forms 2. People 3. who 4. vacations 5. want 6. their 7. are solitary 8. choose 9. choice 10. everyone Activity 14, page 184 1. travel 2. travel companions 3. underline: On hearing the word vacation, most people react positively. 4. circle: Vacations can be classified on the basis of travel partners. Yes. Restated Thesis: Different forms of travel are available for everyone. 5. Traveling with friends can be an unforgettable experience. 6. opinion; Whatever the personality, there is a travel choice for everyone. Activity 15, page 185 1. duties, jobs 2. important 3. to make clear 4. currently 5. usually cost 6. assistance 7. to put in order 8. to connect 9. almost dead 10. experienced Activity 16, page 186 1. to 2. of 3. from 4. specific 5. get 6. course 7. on 8. fight Activity 17, page 187 Answers will vary. 11. a trip 12. to practice 13. not important 14. correctly 15. to change 16. negative 17. not surprising 18. $500 19. to not eat lunch 20. a story 9. into 10. destination 11. conversation 12. on 13. get 14. on 15. traveler Brief Writer’s Handbook with Activities Capitalization Activities Activity 1, page 205 1. Two months that are more than thirty days long are March and July. 2. Why does February never have thirty days? 3. In the original calendar by the Romans, September was the seventh month. 4. The month of August was named for Caesar Augustus. 5. The word April can be the name of a month or a girl. Activity 2, page 205 1. Union, Soviet 2. September 3. Ankara 4. Answers will vary, but the first letter of each word must be capitalized. 5. Neil Armstrong 6. World War I (or WWI) 7. Answers will vary, but the first letter of each word must be capitalized. 8. South Korea 9. June, July, August 10. Answers will vary, but the first letter of each word must be capitalized. Activity 3, page 205 1. The Causes of War 2. Some Common Reasons for Leaving College 3. The Beatles’ Contribution to Rock Music 4. My First Day Working at a Restaurant 5. The Impact of High Gasoline Prices 6. A Comparison of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 7. The Damaging Effects of a Tsunami 8. Why I Want to Attend Oxford University Activity 4, page 206 PARAGRAPH 26 Not Smart Enough to Be a Robber One night, two guys decided to rob a small store. They got inside the store and began to put things in a bag. Officer Jenkins was driving his car by the store at that very moment. Suddenly, the robbers saw the police car coming near the store. They rushed outside, but they did not have time to escape. There were two big bushes near the window, so each robber went behind one of the bushes. Officer Jenkins saw one of the robbers and grabbed him. The police officer said, “All right, come with me. Now we have you!” As the police officer was taking away this criminal, the robber looked back at the other bush and said, “Hey, come on, Mike! They’ve caught us!” Activity 5, page 206 PARAGRAPH 27 Facts about the Month of September September is the ninth month of the year. However, the word September comes from the Latin word septem, which means “seven.” This disparity between seven and nine is because long ago, a different calendar was used in which September was indeed the seventh month. When Julius Caesar, leader of Rome, redid the calendar, he designated September as the ninth month. Activity 6, page 207 PARAGRAPH 28 A Summary of A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens published his great work A Tale of Two Cities in 1859. “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness . . .” With these famous lines, Charles Dickens opens this dramatic story, which tells of life in Paris and London at the time of the French Revolution. This famous Dickens novel describes life in one of the world’s most chaotic times. Punctuation Activities Activity 1, page 208 1. Wow, I cannot believe how tall you are! 2. Is Abigail going to take her dog for a walk? 3. Make sure you brush your teeth before you go to bed. 4. How many people are going to the circus? 5. Rick leaned the guitar against the wall. Activity 2, page 208 Answers will vary. Activity 3, page 209 1. For the past three years, Jeff has been the IT Manager for a large medical office. 2. Despite the foul weather, we had a remarkably smooth flight. 3. My favorite vegetables are broccoli, carrots, and corn. 4. Ron’s favorite vegetables are summer squash and green beans. 11 5. Tomorrow afternoon, I plan on going biking and swimming. 6. First, make sure you clean your room. 7. Spain, France, and Italy are fun countries to visit. 8. Without their ability to use sonar, bats would not be able to fly at night. 9. The lion, which is often referred to as the king of the jungle, is a ferocious hunter. 10. Because of his broken arm, Emanuel will not be able to play tennis tomorrow. 11. As part of their vacation, Ben, Mike, and Adam went to visit the village of Tomok. 12. The restaurant is very large and can seat more than 300 people at once. 13. Ellen and Steven’s anniversary is April 26th, the same day as Jef f ’s birthday. 14. My brother who lives in Morocco has straight hair. (I have several brothers.) 15. My brother, who lives in Kazakhstan, has curly hair. (I have only one brother.) 16. That laptop is the lightest one that I have ever held. 17. Venezuela produces a great deal of oil, so it is a member of OPEC. 18. Sun Cash Coffee Shop, which has hundreds of locations, just opened a new one down the street. 19. When you go to bed, make sure you turn off all the lights. Activity 4, page 210 1. I am going to Stephanie’s house tonight. 2. My three friends’ children are all well behaved. 3. Both airlines’ logos consist of a dark blue wing with multiple stars. 4. Many people have said that it can’t be done. 5. The children’s toys were strewn all over the floor. Activity 5, page 211 1. As I walked past the room, I heard the teacher say, “Be sure to turn in your homework tomorrow.” 2. According to research published in the Ultimate Medical Guide, “19.6% of people do not brush their teeth on a daily basis.” (p. 75) I find that statistic hard to believe. 3. My wife says that I should buy her flowers once a week. I told her that would be fine as long as I could pay with her credit card. 12 ANSWER KEY 4. When my English friend speaks of a “heat wave” just because the temperature reaches over 80°, I have to laugh because I come from Thailand, where we have sunshine most of the year. The days when we have to dress warmly are certainly few, and some people wear shorts outside almost every month of the year. 5. The directions on the package read, “Open carefully. Add contents to one glass of warm water. Drink just before bedtime.” Activity 6, page 211 1. Mark and Kathy originally met in California; they moved to Texas two years ago. 2. The test was easy; everyone passed it. 3. Chicken is required for chicken noodle soup; celery is not. 4. Two-story houses have stairs in them; ranches do not. Activity 7, page 212 Answers will vary. Activity 8, page 212 PARAGRAPH 29 Lawn Care Taking care of your lawn can be rather simple. First, if you live in an arid climate, you must water your lawn once a week. In addition, it is important to fertilize your lawn three to four times a year. You must also put weed preventer on your lawn in the fall and in the spring. Also, make sure you mow your lawn once a week; however, make sure you do not cut it too short. Following these simple steps can mean the difference between an average lawn and a great lawn. Activity 9, page 212 PARAGRAPH 30 Healthy Choices There are many healthy alternatives to children’s ideas of traditional desserts. For example, instead of eating ice cream, people can eat frozen yogurt, which is lower in both fat and calories. Rice cakes make a great afternoon snack. Cut-up vegetables can also make a great midday snack. To satisfy their sweet tooth, people can drink a can of iced tea without sugar, which has zero calories, instead of iced tea with sugar, which may have up to 200 calories per serving. By making minor improvements in what we eat and drink, we can significantly improve our health. Activity 10, page 213 PARAGRAPH 31 A Review The Intelligent Investor, which was written by Benjamin Graham, is considered by many to be one of the most important books ever written about investing. In this book, Graham discusses many different ways, to invest one’s money safely and intelligently. Graham offers sound advice based on simple fundamental principles. To his credit, Graham has many examples of successful investors that he has trained. For example, Graham mentored Warren Buffet, who is currently one of the richest people in the world and arguably one of the greatest investors to walk the earth. Most people who consider investing their personal finances or investing as a profession end up reading The Intelligent Investor. Sentence Types Activity 1, page 214 1. Computers have become a part of our daily lives, and they have greatly influenced our habits. 2. Many people enjoy surfing the Internet, but some people still do not know how to send an e-mail message. 3. Trees provide shade for people to sit under, and they also produce oxygen for people to breath. 4. Beijing did a fabulous job hosting the 2008 Summer Olympics, and many records were broken there. 5. Should people continue to drive large vehicles, or are they too harmful to the environment? 6. Abi had been to the market many times, but she had never purchased anything there. Activity 2, page 215 1. According to a recent report, interest in exercise has increased because it can add years to a person’s life. 2. People often report an increase in their energy level when they begin to exercise on a daily basis. 3. Because health-minded people engage in a variety of physical activities, they increase their chances of meeting people. 4. Since people who pursue a healthy lifestyle look fit and feel better about themselves, they are more likely to have fulfilling social lives. 5. Although altering one’s eating and exercising patterns may be difficult at first, it becomes easier with time. Additional Grammar Activities Activity 1, page 216 1. Training for a triathlon can be [correct] difficult, exciting, and rewarding all at the same time. To prepare for a triathlon, there is [are] three disciplines that one must master: swimming, biking, and running. While all three require [correct] endurance, each of the three sports require [requires] the development of unique skills. Activity 2, page 216 2. In most triathlons, the first event to compete in is the swim. Depending on the type of triathlon, the distance can be anywhere from 400 meters to 2.4 miles. Triathletes train for the swim portion of their race and do everything that they can to improve their efficiency in the water. In other words, they work on their form so that they move as fast as possible while expending as little energy as possible. While most triathletes excel at either the bike or the run, few are experts at the swim. For this reason, most triathletes take the approach of just getting through the swim and then attempt to make up time in either the bike or the run. Activity 3, page 217 3. The second event in a triathlon is the bike. Depending on the type of triathlon, the bike distance can be anywhere from 10 to 112 miles. Beginners average around 15 miles per hour while advanced riders keep up a blistering pace of more than 25 miles per hour. When training for this event, most triathletes ride a minimum of several hours a week in order to increase their endurance. In fact, some will ride as much as 20 hours per week. Showing their determination, some riders will also incorporate cross training into their routine, such as skiing or rowing. Because the bike is the longest of the three events, many triathletes focus most of their attention on this event. Activity 4, page 217 4. The last event in a triathlon is the run. The run can vary in length from 3 miles 13 to 26.2 miles. Because it is completed after the athlete has already swum and biked, it is often considered the most difficult event. Most [no article] triathletes train for the run by doing a combination of [no article] long runs, [no article] tempo runs, and [no article] speed workouts. However, [no article] triathletes need to be careful. Because there are [no article] three events, it is easy to become injured while [no article] running. [no article] pulled hamstrings or [no article] stress fractures are common injuries among athletes who overtrain. Activity 5, page 218 5. In conclusion, training for a triathlon can be both challenging and rewarding. Triathletes can often be seen riding a bike in/ around town or swimming in the local pool. It is also not uncommon to run into/by them on a jogging trail with another triathlete or to see them on a treadmill by themselves. Wherever they are, triathletes spend a great deal of time training hard for their sport. Activity 6, page 218 1. Coronary heart disease is the number one cause of death worldwide. In fact, it kills more than 12 million people across the globe each year. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in adults and is also the leading cause of death in developed nations. Most people are aware that genetics does indeed play a role in determining whether or not a person will become afflicted with heart disease. However, there are many additional causes that people do have control over. Activity 7, pages 218–219 2. While many people recognize smoking as a leading cause of lung cancer, few realize that it is also one of the main causes of heart disease. In fact, most smoking-related deaths are the result of the effect that smoking has on the heart and blood vessels. Specifically, smoking increases blood pressure, tightens arteries, and causes irregular heartbeats, all of which put added stress on the heart. Various chemicals in cigarette smoke also cause the buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries, which can cause a person to have a heart attack. One can of course avoid all of these risk factors simply by choosing not to smoke. 14 ANSWER KEY Activity 8, page 219 3. Physical inactivity is another major cause of [no article] heart disease. For example, people who do not exercise regularly have a significantly increased risk of having a heart attack than people who are active. [no article] regular exercise helps to reduce one’s risk of a heart attack by controlling [no article] cholesterol levels. In addition, it strengthens the heart and blood vessels, further protecting a person from experiencing a heart attack. Even engaging in [no article] moderate activity several days a week will greatly increase a person’s life expectancy. In other [no article] words, it is possible to greatly reduce the risk of [no article] heart disease simply by maintaining a regular workout routine. Activity 9, page 219 4. Comma splice 1: Stress causes a rise in blood pressure, this puts added demands on the heart. Correction 1: Stress causes a rise in blood pressure. This puts added demands on the heart. Correction 2: Stress causes a rise in blood pressure, and this puts added demands on the heart. (Also correct: Stress causes a rise in blood pressure, which puts added demands on the heart.) Comma splice 2: This increases the risk of blood clots, they can in turn lead to a heart attack. Correction 1: This increases the risk of blood clots. They can in turn lead to a heart attack. Correction 2: This increases the risk of blood clots, and they can in turn lead to a heart attack. (Also correct: This increases the risk of blood clots, which can in turn lead to a heart attack.) Activity 10, page 220 5. While some factors that cause heart disease is [are] not preventable, many contributing factors are [correct], to a certain extent, preventable. People can choose [correct] not to smoke or spend time in smoke-filled environments. People can to choose [choose] to maintain an active lifestyle. People can also takes [take] actions to limit the amount of stress in their lives. In conclusion, takes [taking] an active role in preventing heart disease can adds [add] many years to anyone’s life. APPENDIX 1 BUILDING BETTER SENTENCES NOTE: The answers here may vary somewhat. It is important for students to discuss any variations with the teacher or classmates to determine if these variations are indeed possible. Practice 1, Unit 1, page 233 A. Answer is given. B. Plays are performed in many different venues—from large halls to small theaters. C. The third type of acting is film acting. Practice 2, Unit 1, page 234 A. There are certain qualities that are typical of good restaurants. B. A good restaurant also uses fresh ingredients in its dishes. C. They pay attention to details such as the decor, lighting, and cleanliness. Practice 3, Unit 1, pages 234–235 Practice 6, Unit 2, page 236 A. Another category is the nonfiction movie. B. This popular movie style tells the story of a real person—living or dead—or an event. C. Perhaps the most famous example of this type of film is Titanic. Practice 7, Unit 3, page 237 A. In my entire life, I have never witnessed an environmental disaster like the disappearing South Aral Sea. B. I breathed deeply and tasted the salty remnants of the ocean. C. The environmental disaster of the South Aral Sea will stay with me forever. Practice 8, Unit 3, pages 237–238 A. Another similarity between the two is the importance of dedication. B. Good writers spend hours each day developing their language skills to enhance their writing. C. Finally, people in both professions hope to entertain their audience. Practice 9, Unit 3, page 238 A. One of my greatest vacations was spent in Washington, DC. B. These museums were gigantic, with elaborate marble floor and pillars C. Clearly, Washington, DC has a lot to offer its visitors. A. In many countries around the world, fireworks are used to commemorate special occasions. B. Mexicans celebrate Independence Day on September 16th with parades, fairs, fireworks, and rodeos. C. People across the world use spectacular fireworks in a variety of ways. Practice 4, Unit 2, page 235 Practice 10, Unit 4, pages 238–239 A. A restaurant kitchen can be a very hectic place. B. Maintaining this constant flow of traffic in the kitchen is a complicated juggling act. C. The action in a restaurant kitchen never stops. Practice 5, Unit 2, pages 235–236 A. Cleaning your room is not difficult if you follow some simple guidelines. B. It is important to wash your clothes with good-quality laundry detergent to keep them looking neat and clean. C. The final step is to mop or vacuum the floor, depending on its surface. A. I walk into the restaurant’s dining room and take in all the action. B. At one table, I can see a group of four young women. C. Although he is alone, he is definitely not lonely. Practice 11, Unit 4, page 239 A. Our travel group landed on shore at 9 a.m. and was greeted by a small and unassuming tour company bus. B. After a short drive away from the port, we entered the resort area. C. I immediately noticed the prevailing colors: blue and white. 15 Practice 12, Unit 4, page 240 A. According to several recent surveys, the biggest fear of most people is their fear of making a speech in public. B. More than a fear of spiders or death, public speaking is something that often causes people to break out into a cold sweat, start shaking uncontrollably, and even feel as though they are about to die. C. Many people are unaware that the fear of speaking in front of others can be overcome by visualization exercises, deep breathing, and preparedness. Practice 13, Unit 5, pages 240–241 A. Chicagoans enjoy summer, fall, winter, and spring weather. B. On average, the high temperature reaches only around 32 degrees Fahrenheit, and the low each night goes down to about 20 degrees Fahrenheit. C. Finally, they worry about different weather problems. Practice 14, Unit 5, page 241 A. Chicagoans’ biggest weather fear is a blizzard. B. For instance, Hurricane Andrew destroyed large parts of the city of Miami in 1992. C. In the end, my cousin and I learned that each of our climates has its unique characteristics. A. Young people often begin bullying because they want to control those who are weaker than they are. B. Another reason that some kids bully other children is to establish a well-known identity in school. C. Finally, some children become bullies to get attention. Practice 18, Unit 6, pages 243–244 A. In fact, there are physical, psychological, and social benefits to living a healthy lifestyle. B. Another physical benefit that people notice is healthier looking skin. C. Eating healthy gives your body the nutrients it needs for radiant skin and strong muscles. Practice 19, Unit 7, page 244 A. Perhaps the best-known type of acting is television acting. B. This type of acting generally takes the form of television programs that are produced on studio lots. C. Film acting begins with a screenplay, which includes all the written information about the set and the actors’ dialogs, and grows into a movie. Practice 20, Unit 7, pages 244–245 A. I was delighted to discover that I could experience the wonder and thrill of flight by flying a model airplane. B. Both models and real planes have similar controls. C. I was glad to share this amazing experience with my good friend. A. During this time, listeners had to imagine the sets, the scenery, and even the physical form of the performers. B. Rehearsing for stage acting can take months because all the actors must memorize their lines. C. Because it is not a live performance, directors may request that an actor repeat a scene until they are happy with the results. Practice 16, Unit 6, page 242 Practice 21, Unit 7, page 245 A. University administrators call it “retention,” and it refers to the number of students who choose to stay in college. B. This, unfortunately, leads many students to drop out of college because of a shortage of funds. C. These individuals are away from home for the first time and living with strangers. A. The success of a trip often depends on the relationship that the family members have with one another. B. A special closeness is created during the trip. C. They have more chances of getting plane seats on stand-by, and sometimes their seats are upgraded to first class. Practice 15, Unit 5, pages 241–242 16 Practice 17, Unit 6, page 243 ANSWER KEY