Politics is Defined in Your Text as Answers

Midterm Exam 1. Politics is defined in your text as: A the ability to get others to do what you want B who gets what, when, and how C the way we organize and live our collective lives D the process by which societies resolve, reduce, or eliminate conflict E a system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people 2. The market controls economic decisions in a(n) __________ economy A socialist B totalitarian C authoritarian D capitalist E Anarchic 3. In socialist economies, control over economic decisions is exercised by: A society by its purchasing power B the market C the government D supply and demand forces E the people’s vote 4. The absence of government and laws is a characteristic of: A Totalitarianism B Anarchy C Authoritarianism D Theocracy E elite democracy 5. The doctrine that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others is called: A Elite democracy B Pluralistic democracy C Social democracy theory D Social contract theory E The state of nature 1 6. Citizens or subjects of other countries who come to the United States to live or work are known as: A American emigrants B naturalized citizens C tourists D immigrants E illegal aliens 7. The legal process of acquiring citizenship for a person who was not born a U.S. citizen is known as: A immigration B jus soli C habeas corpus D jus sanguinis E naturalization 8. The Declaration of Independence was first and foremost a(n): a. philosophical treatise b. political document c. attempt to persuade King George III to listen to the colonies d. plan of action e. moral argument opposing slavery in the colonies 9. Shays’s Rebellion demonstrated the: a. strong opposition to the Declaration of Independence b. frustration of debtors and the failure of the Articles of Confederation c. need for additional courthouses to process foreclosures d. unpopularity of the Revolutionary War e. power of England to stir up trouble in the new United States 10. The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were: a. the most educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens of the new country b young merchants who wanted to achieve economic success . c. mainly farmers d ordinary Americans who confronted great challenges . e. made up entirely of the leaders of the Revolutionary Army 11. The Great Compromise: a. provided strong powers to the state governments b. Gave tax breaks to corporations in exchange for campaign donations 2 c. established a legislature with equal state representation in the Senate and representation by state population in the House d. limited the importation of slaves for 20 years e. created a confederate system of government 12. The Anti-Federalists feared the adoption of the Constitution would lead to: a. a great deal of corruption in government b. a weak national government c. attacks on property rights d. popular tyranny e. attacks on slavery 13. The group that believed in strong national power and supported the new constitution was the: a. Jacksonian Democrats b. New Nationalists c. Federalists d. Whigs e. Jeffersonian Republicans 14. Federalism in the United States: A is a system badly in need of repair B was a compromise for how power should be distributed between the national and state governments C provides for strong state and local power compared to federal power D has outlived its usefulness as a framework for American politics E grants the federal government a dominant position over the states in all areas except education 15. The theory that defines the state and national governments as essentially separate from each other and carrying out independent functions is: a. Cooperative federalism b. Dual federalism c. Separation of powers federalism d. Federalism e. Independent federalism 16. Cooperative federalism is a theory that: a. was an accurate depiction of American federalism during the eighteenth century 3 b. defines state and national powers as interdependent, requiring the cooperation of each other to get things done c. defines state and federal governments as essentially separate from each other and carrying out their functions independently d. reflects the formal distribution of powers by the Constitution e. is modeled after a layer cake 17. In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court held that: a. the Supreme Court could declare acts of Congress to be unconstitutional b. state-chartered banks were immune from federal regulation c. the federal government had the implied power to create a national bank d. states had the ability to restrict interstate commerce within their jurisdiction e. congress was not allowed to outlaw slavery in U.S. territories 18. The New Deal increased the power of the federal government in regard to: a. business and the economy b. the war-making power c. education d. civil rights e. civil liberties 19. Federal funds provided to states for a broad purpose and unrestricted by detailed requirements are called: a. categorical grants b. limited grants c. self-improvement grants d. block grants 20. The difference between civil rights and civil liberties is: a. inconsequential, because the terms are used interchangeably in the United States b. that civil rights involve speech, press, and religious freedom, whereas civil liberties involve voting c. that civil rights limit the power of government, whereas civil liberties expand the power of government 4 d. that civil rights involve government action to secure rights of citizenship, whereas civil liberties involve individual freedoms that limit the power of government e. that civil rights involve freedoms, whereas civil liberties involve voting 21. An action that criminalizes an act after it occurs is a(n): a. Unconstitutional ex post facto law b. “Closing the barn door after the c. Bill of attainder d. Habeas corpus law e. Exclusionary rule type of law 22. The right of an accused to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her is known as: a. Habeas corpus b. Ex post facto presentation c. Bills of attainder d. Miranda rights e. Bills of presentment 23. The establishment clause guarantees: a. that government will not create and support an official state church b. that all citizens may freely engage in religious activities of their choice c. that American government is based on Judeo-Christian values d. that all churches shall have tax-exempt status e. the right to set up a church whenever a religious group so desires 24. Separationists differ from accommodationists in that: a. separationists wish to separate issues of school prayer from issues involving the establishment clause b. accommodationists wish to separate issues of school prayer from issues involving the establishment clause c. separationists favor a stricter separation of church and state than accommodationists d. accommodationists favor a stricter separation of church and state than 5 separationists e. separationists favor a narrower interpretation of the free exercise clause 25. It is difficult for the Supreme Court to determine the exact meaning of obscenity because: a. the whole area is so subjective that wide disagreement exists b. few historical cases have examined the issue c. there are so few obscenity tests from which to choose d. radical feminists and conservatives strongly disagree on the issue e. teachers and students strongly disagree on the issue 26. What is an example of something you are not free to say? a. The president is doing a bad job! b. We need a new government! c. Yelling “Fire!” in a crowded place when there is no fire d. Saying “If I was king of the world, I would give everyone a three-day weekend!” when you are just kidding—you wouldn’t actually give everyone a three-day weekend if you were king. e. bad tendency test 27. The Supreme Court most recently ruled that the Second Amendment individual right to bear arms: a. applies to the states as well as to the national government b. applies only to the national government c. is restricted to rifles d. should be replaced in favor of an interpretation that the right to bear arms is a collective right of the states e. does not apply to individuals convicted of misdemeanor domestic assault 28. The legal methods used to deny African Americans the right to vote, such as literacy tests and poll taxes, were overcome by: a. passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 b. an executive order issued by President Lyndon Johnson. c. changes in the political leadership of the southern states. d. passage of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. e. reconstruction. 6 29. The civil rights movement of the 1950s–1960s was most successful in eliminating ______ but was far less successful in eliminating ______. a. de jure discrimination; de facto discrimination b. de facto discrimination; de jure discrimination c. economic differences among the races; political differences among the races d. differences in levels of educational attainment among the races; differences in levels of social attainment among the races e. underrepresentation of African Americans among office holders; underrepresentation of African Americans in the professions 30. In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that: a. school districts should have to integrate within exactly five years. b. segregated schools were inherently unequal because the very fact of segregation made blacks feel unequal. c. busing would be used as the sole method to integrate schools. d. ‘Separate but Equal’ was constitutionally valide e. school integration was the responsibility of state governments only. 31. Segregation has been harder to overcome in the North than in the South because: a. segregation in the North is de facto segregation. b. segregation in the North is de jure segregation. c. northerners opposed segregation more strenuously than southerners. d. northerners are politically more powerful than southerners. e. blacks were reluctant to challenge their northern allies in the civil rights struggle. 32. How is hyperpartisanship different from partisanship? a. Hyperpartisanship places the country before the party in terms of importance. b. Hyperpartisanship places the good of the party before the country in terms of importance. c. Hyperpartisanship values the good of the party and the good of the country equally in terms of importance. d. The words really aren’t all that different. Both have something to do with partisanship. e. Nobody knows. 33. Which of the following is not a form of gerrymandering? a. practical 7 b. incumbent c. racial d. partisan e. none of the above. 35. How does the Senate end a filibuster? a. By doing something else instead. b. Turning on Netflix. c. Cloture d. Roll call vote e. Veto override 36. What is the coattail effect? a. The sense of eminence one gets from wearing a suit with coattails b. The marks made on the ground from dragging around coattails c. The electoral advantage afforded to those already in office d. The amount of money one makes for winning office e. The added votes received by congressional candidates of a winning presidential party 37. Which party gets to select the Speaker of the House? a. The party that controls the House of Representatives b. The party that controls the Senate c. The party that controls both the House and Senate d. Democratic party e. The president’s political party 38. Which is not a difference between the House and the Senate? a. The Senate has 100 members, while the House has 435 members b. House members represent rural areas, while Senators represent urban ones c. Senators serve six-year terms, while House members serve 2 year terms d. The entire House is up for re-election every 2 years, while only one-third of the Senate is up for re-election every 2 years e. Successful election campaigns in the Senate cost on average about 10 times more than successful House campaigns Short answer: Answer 7 of the 10 following questions: 1. What are “institutions”? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is political culture? A political culture is a general political classification of a nation. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8 3. What were the weakness of the Articles of Confederation? One of the main problems of the AoC were that the central government did not have enough power on behalf of the states. They were not able to provide the economic stability wanted. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the Bill of Rights? The bill of rights are basically 10 amendments that which are a list of civil rights for the people________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. What is devolution? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is the establishment clause? A law or clause that forbides the congress from establishing a state religion. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. What is needed to justify a law that deals with a suspect classification? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. What are the steps involved in an impeachment process? _congress begins an investigation usually in the house. Then the house has a vote on the articles of impeachment through the simply majority process. Lastly is the 2/3 majority vote. The senate votes to convict with the chief presiding.______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _______ 9. How in basic terms does a bill become law? The bill gets approved by the house and senate and then is sent to the president to get approved. If it is approved it is signed as a bill.__________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ____ 10. What factors shape a candidate’s decision to run? 9 Factors that shape a candidate’s chances to run are If a candidate believes they are running for a district they can win, who is their opponent could be, if they have the funds, and what kind a year they are running for. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________