[-]=[]=]=]=\1. The school of thought in psychology that turned away from the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was A) behaviorism. B) psychoanalysis. C) humanistic psychology. D) evolutionary psychology. Since 1960, psychology has regained an interest in 2. consciousness as psychologists of all persuasions afÏrmed the importance of A) the circadian rhythm. B) choice blindness. C) neuroadaptation. D) cognition. 3. Consciousness is A) the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember. B) the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. C) effortless encoding of incidental information into memory. D) our awareness of ourselves and our environment. A specialty area that focuses on the connections between brain 4. activity and mental processes is known as A) evolutionary psychology. B) behavior genetics. C) personality psychology. D) cognitive neuroscience. Which specialty area would be most interested in identifying the 5. cortical activation patterns associated with a person's perception of different objects? A) evolutionary psychology B) cognitive neuroscience C) behavior genetics D) behaviorism The simultaneous processing of 6. information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called A) the cocktail party effect. B) the pop-out phenomenon. C) dual processing. D) neuroadaptation. Although we may be unaware of our gender prejudices, they often 7. influence the way we consciously perceive males and females. This best illustrates A) the hollow face illusion. B) dual processing. C) the pop-out phenomenon. D) the cocktail party effect. 8. A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it is known as A) narcolepsy. B) change blindness. C) REM rebound. D) blindsight. Although unable to report the width of a block in front of her, a woman identified as D. F. could 9. grasp the block with just the right finger-thumb distance. Her experience best illustrates A) blindsight. B) the cocktail party effect. C) hypnagogic sensations. D) the pop-out phenomenon. A visual perception track enables most people to recognize objects at nearly the same time that a 10. visual action track enables them to avoid bumping into the objects. This best illustrates A) neuroadaptation. B) change blindness. C) dual processing. D) blindsight. 11. Shown the hollow face illusion, people will mistakenly perceive the inside of a mask as a protruding face. Yet, they will accurately reach into the inverted mask to flick off a buglike target stuck on the face. This best illustrates the capacity for A) neuroadaptation. B) change blindness. C) dual processing. D) hypnagogic sensations. A capacity to monitor simultaneously the color, shape, 12. and motion of an object best illustrates A) neuroadaptation. B) parallel processing. C) the cocktail party effect. D) change blindness. Consciousness is to 13. unconsciousness as ________ is to ________. A) tolerance; withdrawal B) sequential processing; parallel processing C) latent content; manifest content D) delta wave; alpha wave Compared with unconscious information processing, 14. conscious information processing is relatively A) fast and especially effective for solving new problems. B) slow and especially effective for solving new problems. C) fast and especially effective for solving routine problems. D) slow and especially effective for solving routine problems. Even if musically inclined, it is difÏcult to tap a steady three times with your left hand while 15. tapping four times with your right hand because both tasks require A) hypnagogic sensation. B) circadian rhythm. C) change blindness. D) conscious attention. 16. A) Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is called blindsight. B) self-consciousness. C) change blindness. D) selective attention. Our inability to consciously process all the sensory 17. information available to us at any single point in time best illustrates the necessity of A) circadian rhythms. B) selective attention. C) REM rebound. D) hypnagogic sensations. 18. While reading a novel, Raoul isn't easily distracted by the sounds of the TV or even by his brothers' loud arguments. This best illustrates A) latent content. B) neuroadaptation. C) choice blindness. D) selective attention. 19. The cocktail party effect provides an example of A) neuroadaptation. B) REM rebound. C) selective attention. D) hypnagogic sensations. A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber's weapon that she failed to 20. perceive important features of the criminal's physical appearance. This best illustrates A) dissociation. B) change blindness. C) selective attention. D) a near-death experience. When their attention is focused on a task such as reading, people 21. are less likely to ________ than when their mind is wandering. A) tap their fingers B) touch their face C) blink their eyes D) scratch their arms Drivers are slower to detect trafÏc signals if they are talking 22. on a cell phone. This best illustrates the impact of A) latent content. B) selective attention. C) REM rebound. D) choice blindness. Failing to see visible objects 23. when our attention is directed elsewhere is called A) narcolepsy. B) neuroadaptation. C) paradoxical sleep. D) inattentional blindness. If asked to watch a video and press a key each time a blackshirted player passed a basketball, most research 24. participants remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman strolling across the video screen. This illustrated A) REM rebound. B) inattentional blindness. C) neuroadaptation. D) latent content. 25. While a man provides directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupt by passing between them carrying a board. The man's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates A) dissociation. B) hypnagogic sensations. C) neuroadaptation. D) change blindness. Christy failed to notice that she received her ice cream in a sugar cone rather than a wafÒe cone as she had requested. She later 26. indicated to another customer that she preferred sugar cones over wafÒe cones. Christy's behavior most clearly illustrates A) REM rebound. B) neuroadaptation. C) choice blindness. D) the pop-out phenomenon. The pop-out phenomenon 27. illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitably trigger A) narcolepsy. B) neuroadaptation. C) selective attention. D) hypnagogic sensations. 28. When working an occasional night shift, people often feel groggiest in the middle of the night but experience new energy around the time they normally would wake up. This best illustrates the impact of A) neuroadaptation. B) selective attention. C) the circadian rhythm. D) REM rebound. 29. Circadian rhythm refers to A) the pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience. B) a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle. C) the experience of sleep apnea following an extensive transoceanic flight. D) the cycle of four distinct stages that we experience during a normal night's sleep. With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to 30. drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the A) hypnagogic state. B) circadian rhythm. C) alpha wave pattern. D) REM rebound. Most college students are “owls,” with performance ________ across 31. the day. Most older adults are “larks,” with performance ________ as the day progresses. A) improving; declining B) declining; improving C) declining; staying the same D) staying the same; declining Fast and jerky movements of the 32. eyes are especially likely to be associated with A) sleep spindles. B) dissociation. C) REM sleep. D) sleep apnea. Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, 33. she has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of A) delta waves. B) alpha waves. C) sleep spindles. D) rapid eye movements. A periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness that 34. involves distinct stages is known as A) the circadian rhythm. B) narcolepsy. C) dissociation. D) sleep.