University:
University of California, Berkeley
Course:
PSYCH | Psychology
Academic year:

2019
Views:

204

Pages:

10
Author:

Clint W.

Maze Learning in Rats Tolman & Honzik (1930); Tolman (1932) Latent Learning Tolman & Honzik (1930) 2 1 3 Hilgard & Bower Curiosity in Rhesus Monkeys Harlow (1953); Harlow et al. (1956) • • • • “Puzzle Lock” Food Reward Hunger Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation What is Learned in Learning? • Not Associations between Stimuli, Responses • Expectations – Outcomes of Events – Outcomes of Behaviors • Classical Conditioning – Predictability of Environmental Events • Instrumental Conditioning – Controllability of Environmental Events Cognitive Reinterpretation of Learning • Relatively Permanent... • Change in Behavior Knowledge... – Predictability – Controllability • Resulting from Experience. – Not Drugs – Not Injury – Not Maturation Observational Learning • Direct versus Vicarious Experience – Conditioned Stimuli – Unconditioned Stimuli – Reinforcements Observational Fear Conditioning Mineka et al. (1984) • Snake Fear in Rhesus Monkeys – It’s Adaptive: But Is It Innate? • Wild-Reared vs. Lab-Reared – Snake Fear Not Innate • What Role for Direct Experience? – Snake Fear Not Acquired Directly • Adaptive Value of Vicarious Learning – Vicarious Learning of Human Fears, Phobias Test of Snake Fear • Wisconsin General Test Apparatus • Obstacle Between Animal and Food Reward – Must Reach Past Object to Obtain Food • Measure of Fear – Latency to Reach Past Object Pretest of Snake Fear in Rhesus Monkeys Latency of Food-Reaching (secs) Mineka et al. (1984) 70 Snake 60 50 40 Wild 30 Lab 20 Cord 10 0 Real Toy Model Black Obstacle Yellow Neutral Vicarious Conditioning of Snake Fear Mineka et al. (1984) • Wild-Reared Adults – Already Afraid of Snakes • Lab-Reared Adolescent Offspring – No Snake Fear • Posttest After Observing Parent