General Chemistry - Worksheet 3B

Week 3B Worksheet Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 1. Calculate the average kinetic energy, ek, in Joules per molecule for O2(g) at 298 K and 1.00 atm. 2. The energy of molecules of a gas: A) is dependent on concentration B) is distributed over a wide range at constant temperature C) is the same for all molecules at constant temperature D) increases with a decrease in temperature E) increases with an increase in pressure Gas Laws 3. A sample of gas has volume 4.25 L at 25.6˚C and 748 mmHg. What will be the volume of this gas at 26.8˚C and 742 mmHg? 4. What is the molar mass of monochloroethylene, which has a density of 2.56 g/L at 22.8˚C and 756 mmHg? 5. If gas volume is doubled but the temperature remains constant: A) the pressure stays the same B) the molecules move faster C) the final pressure is twice the pressure before the volume change. D) the molecules move slower E) the final pressure is 1/2 of the pressure before the volume change. Week 3B Worksheet Mixtures of Gases 6. A mixture of 4.0 g H2 (g) and 10.0g He(g) in a 4.3 L flask is maintained at 0˚C. a. What is the total pressure in the container? b. What is the partial pressure of each gas? 7. A gas cylinder of 53.7 L volume contains N2(g) at a pressure of 28.2 atm at 26˚C. How many grams of Ne(g) must we add to this same cylinder to raise the total pressure to 75.0 atm? 8. A 31.4 mL sample of nitrogen gas was collected over water at 23.7°C and a barometric pressure of 706 mmHg. What mass of nitrogen was collected? [The vapor pressure of water at 23.7°C is 22 mmHg.] A) 39.3 mg B) 37.7 mg C) 34.6 mg D) 33.4 mg E) 32.5 mg Week 3B Worksheet The following two pages contain conversions, constants, equations, and a periodic table which may be useful to you. You may remove them for easy access. Conversions: 1010 Å = 1 m = 1012 pm = 100 cm 1 atm = 760 Torr = 760 mmHg = 101,325 Pa 1.00 in = 2.54 cm 1 cm3 = 1 mL 101.325 J = 1 L atm 1 lb = 453.6 g 1 cal = 4.184 J 1 gal = 3.785 L T(K) = t(°C) + 273.15 t(°F) =9/5 t(°C) + 32 Constants: c = 2.9979 x 108 m / s R = 8.3145 J / mol K = 0.08206 L atm / mol K NA = 6.022 x 1023 mol–1 h = 6.626 x 10–34 J s g = 9.81 m / s d (H2O) = 1.00 g / cm3 m(electron) = 9.109 x 10–31 kg RH = 2.178 x 10–18 J m(proton) = 1.673x10-27 kg Equations: n = m/ M d= m V M= n V P = dhg E = h = c = h h = p mu PV = nRT urm s = u 2 =   n 2a   P + 2  ( V − nb ) = nRT V   3RT M Ptotal =  Pi xp  i h 4 PiVi/Ti = PfVf/Tf Z eff = Z − S En = - Z2RH/n2 ΔE = Z2RH(1/ni2 – 1/nf2) d = P(MM)/(RT) KE = ½mu2 = 3/2RT rateA/rateB = (MMB/MMA)1/2 ΧA = nA/ntotal 1/2 φ = hν KE = hν – φ tB/tA = (MMB/MMA) λ = h/p p = mu Ѱn(x) = (2/L)1/2sin(nπx/L) P1/T1 = P2/T2 M1 V 1 = M 2 V 2 V1/T1 = V2/T2 P1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 Week 3B Worksheet Solubility Rules: 1. Salts of group 1 cations (with some exceptions for Li+) and the NH4+ cation are soluble 2. Nitrates, acetates, and perchlorates are soluble 3. Salts of silver, lead, and mercury(I) are insoluble 4. Chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble 5. Carbonates, phosphates, sulfides, oxides, and hydroxides are insoluble (sulfides of group 2 cations and hydroxides of Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ are slightly soluble) 6. Sulfates are soluble except for those of calcium, strontium, and barium PERIODIC TABLE Key 1 1.008 2.20 3 2 Atomic Number Symbol Atomic Mass Electronegativity H 4 He 4.003 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be B C N O F Ne 6.941 0.98 11 9.012 1.57 12 10.81 2.04 13 12.01 2.55 14 14.01 3.04 15 16.00 3.44 16 19.00 3.98 17 20.18 18 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 22.99 0.93 19 24.31 1.31 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 26.98 1.61 31 28.09 1.90 32 30.97 2.19 33 32.06 2.58 34 35.45 3.16 35 39.95 36 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 39.10 0.82 40.08 1.00 44.96 1.36 47.90 1.54 50.94 1.63 52.00 1.66 54.94 1.55 55.85 1.83 58.93 1.88 58.70 1.91 63.55 1.90 65.38 1.65 69.72 1.81 72.59 2.01 74.92 2.18 78.96 2.55 79.90 2.96 83.80 - 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 85.47 0.82 87.62 0.95 88.91 1.22 91.22 1.33 92.91 1.6 95.94 2.16 (98) 1.9 101.1 2.2 102.9 2.28 106.4 2.20 107.9 1.93 112.4 1.69 114.8 1.78 118.7 1.96 121.8 2.05 127.6 2.1 126.9 2.66 131.3 - 55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 132.9 0.79 87 137.3 0.89 88 175.0 1.27 103 178.5 1.3 104 180.9 1.5 105 183.9 2.36 106 186.2 1.9 107 190.2 2.2 - 192.2 2.20 109 195.1 2.28 197.0 2.54 200.6 2.00 204.4 2.04 207.2 2.33 209.0 2.02 (209) 2.0 (210) 2.2 (222) - Fr Ra Lr Unq Unp Unh Uns (223) 0.7 (226) 0.9 (260) - - - - - 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 138.9 1.10 140.1 1.12 140.9 1.13 144.2 1.14 (145) 1.13 150.4 1.17 152.0 1.2 157.3 1.20 158.9 1.2 162.5 1.22 164.9 1.23 167.3 1.24 168.9 1.25 173.0 1.1 89 90 91 92 93 Une - 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No (227) 1.1 232.0 1.3 (231) 1.5 238.0 1.38 (237) 1.36 (244) 1.28 (243) 1.3 (247) 1.3 (247) 1.3 (251) 1.3 (252) 1.3 (257) 1.3 (258) 1.3 (259) 1.3