Characteristic Harmonic Waves Physics Notes | University of Cambridge - Edubirdie

University:
University of Cambridge
Course:
0625 IGCSE | Physics
Academic year:

2023
Views:

304

Pages:

2
Author:

Deddy A.

f2 Second harmonic A N No N N AN ends of strings have nodes (fixed pts.) N4 n=2 22x4 4 LA fi Fundamental, or first harmonic A 3 Third harmonic N N **== 2()=24, NA :: ()=3F 774 n=1 L 2 #=3 (6) L →more loops = higher freq. 4 d + Figure 14.19 (a) Standing waves in a stretched string of length L. fixed at both ends. The characteristic frequencies of vibration form a harmonic series: (b) the fundamental frequency, or first harmonic; (c) the second harmonic; and (d) the third harmonic. Note that N denotes a node, A an antinode. n fn==nf = T 21 F → forms a harmonic Series All the higher harmonics are (+) integer multiples of the fundamental Standing Waves - in Air Columns - if one end is closed ↓ a node must exist at that end b/c the movement of air is restricted n=1,2,3... A pipe open at both ends. L fn = n 2L First harmonic n N A₁ = 21. = A A if the end is open. ↓ air free, an antinode exists 000 n= 1, 5, 5... A pipe closed at one end. L fn = n 4L n First harmonic = 11 = 4 (quarter- wavelength) Second harmonic N AL ==21 N Third harmonic = 3 4L L Third harmonic A A A N N Fifth harmonic 3 3 5 a b

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