University:
University of Cambridge
Course:
MBBS | Bachelor of Medicine Bachelor of Surgery
Academic year:

2021
Views:

393

Pages:

3
Author:

Nicole W.

O ADAM IncCOMPLICATIONS - due to secondary infectionsOtitis media and bronchopneumonia are most commonRecurrence of fever or failure of fever to subside with rashWorsening of TBCOMPLICATIONS - DUE TO MEASLES VIRUSGiant cells pneumonitis in Immunocompromised children . and HIV infected peopleAcute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)Diarrhea - leads to malnutrition including Vit A deficiencyCOMPLICATIONS - due to CNS complicationsPost measles and encephalomyelitisMeasles inclusion body encephalitisSubacute sclerosing panencephalitis - occurs due to measles ( SSPE) ( mcq / 2M)Degenerative lesion occurring gradually and finally mortality5 All layers of brain involvedSlowly progressiveHigh mortality1 in 10000 peopleLAB DIAGNOSISSpecimens :- nasal secretions, nasopharyngeal aspirateViral isolations - nasal secretion inoculated onto MKTC (Monkey Kidney TissueCulture). Growth is recognized by the development of CPE in the form of multinucleatedgiant cells containing both Intranuclear and intra cytoplasmic IB's (Inclusion bodies).Serology- Detection of measles specific IgM antibody in serum / 4 fold rise of IgGantibody titer. (Add more)TREATMENTThere is no specific antiviral therapy availableTreatment is symptomatic and consists of general supportive measuresVit A - effective in reducing the morbidity and mortality due to measlesPREVENTIONAirborne precautionsUse of PPE - N 95 mask, , hand washingMEASLES VACCINElive attenuated vaccine . Strains used - Schwartz Strain . Edmonston Zagreb strain ( usednow )Reconstitution - available in lyophilized form - had to be reconstituted with distilled water -within 4 hrs Vaccine is thermolabile . Stored at 20 degreesOne dose - 0,5 ml - containing > 1000 infective viral units is administered subcutaneouslyCombined vaccines - measles combined form with Rubella ( MR vaccine ) with mumps andrubella vaccine ( MMR ) and with Varicella ( MMR . V) Indication - measles - rubella ( MR ) vaccine is given at 8 completed months to 12 monthsalong with Vit. A supplements and second dose of MR vaccine at 16-24 monthsSide effects :-mild measles like illness . toxic shock syndromeContacts :- susceptible contacts over 9-12 months - protected against measles - givenwithin 3 days of exposurePassive vaccines - measles immunoglobulins - given within 3 days - 0.25mg/kg of bodyweightBoth should not be given together - At Least - 8-12 weeks gap must be maintainedMEASLES ELIMINATIONWHO - South East Asia region . by 2020-2024The objectives were :-2Measles eliminationThe following objectives are set to achieve this target:1. 95% coverage with two doses against measlesand rubella2. Develop and sustain a case-based surveillancesystem3. Develop and maintain an accredited measles andrubella laboratory network4. Strengthen support and linkages to achieve theabove three strategic objectives.

Measles - Notes for Studying

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