University:
American Career College
Course:
NURS115 | Intermediate Medical
Academic year:

2021
Views:

206

Pages:

13
Author:

TwelveAlemat7c

Cryptosporidium Species (Cryptosporidiosis) Greek – kryptos:hidden, sporos:seed, spore. Cryptosporidium • as the major cause of chronic diarrhea in patients with AIDS. as a cause of zoonotic and waterborne outbreaks of diarrhea, and as a cause of acute gastroenteritis but self-limited in children (2-5 years old). • Parasite has worldwide distribution R. Rafiei 18 Cryptosporidium parvum • • • • • • Size 4-6 µm Shape: spherical or roundish Number of sporocyst: None Number of sporozoites: Four (small) Sporozoites surrounded by thick cell wall Nosporocyst-tetrazoic R. Rafiei 19 Cryptosporidum • Most of the species that infect humans: • C. hominis transmitted from human to human • C. parvum transmitted from animals to humans (zoonose) R. Rafiei 20 R. Rafiei 21 R. Rafiei 22 • Diarrhea in healthy people will spontaneously improve after 1 to 2 weeks. • In patients with immune defects, diarrhea has persisted for a long time and may cause death. R. Rafiei 23 R. Rafiei 24 Clinical manifestation • Intestinal Asymptomatic Acute but self-limited Chronic Fulminant Fever, nausea, vomiting, weigh loss, abdominal pain, may be fatal R. Rafiei 25 Transmission 1) water-born Infection 2) Person to person spread 3) Food-born disease 4) Sexual transmission 5) Zoonotic transmission 6) Air-born transmission R. Rafiei 26 Diagnosis Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining Auramin staining Monoclonal antibody Histological Immunological diagnosis (ELISA) TEM Mollecular method • It is important to distiguish yeast from true oocysts. • Sheathers sugar flotation R. Rafiei 27 Treatment • Cryptosporidiosis is usually a self-limited infection in immunocompetent patients. • In AIDS patients, numerous experiments to treat cryptosporidium using a wide variety of medications have been conducted. Unfortunately, most of these potential treatments have proven ineffective. • Spiromycin, azitromycin, clindomycin • Nitozoxanide R. Rafiei 28 R. Rafiei 29