University:
American Career College
Course:
NURS115 | Intermediate Medical
Academic year:

2021
Views:

457

Pages:

14
Author:

TwelveAlemat7c

Cyclospora cayetanensis (Cyclosporiasis) Greek – kyklos:spherical, round, sporos:spore, Cayetanensis:Caribbean. Cyclospora cayetanensis • Oocysts Size 8-10 µm • Shape: spherical or roundish • unsporulated oocysts: central morula containing 69 refractil globules • Mature oocyst: two sporocyst, each containing two sausage shaped sporozoites • Disporic-dizoic R. Rafiei 31 Life cycle is similar to Isospora belli R. Rafiei 32 Cyclospora cayetanensis • The opportunistic parasites in patients with AIDS. • Parasite transmitted by water and contaminated food (vegetables: raspberry, basil and lettuce) • Clinical symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea that sometimes lasted one to two months. • The effective treatment is TMP-SMX. R. Rafiei 33 Diagnosis • The oocysts are acid-fast, although their staining is variable, with some appearing unstained and other pink or dark red. • Under ultraviolet light (U.V), the oocysts of cyclospora will auto-fluorescence and appear as bluish green circles. R. Rafiei 34 Sarcocystis Species Inside the Human Intestine (S. suihominis, S. bovihominis) Greek – sarx:meat, kystos:cyst. Latin: sus:pig, homo:human, bos, bovis:cattle, from cattle Sarcocystis  Average sporocyst length: 10 to 18 µm  Shape: oval  Appearance: transparent  Number of sporocysts: Two  Contents within each sporocyst: Four sausage shaped sporozoites  Two-layered cell wall surrounded  Disporic-tetrazoic R. Rafiei 36 Sarcocystis • Three species are important in humans: • S. hominis: humans are final host and cattle are intermediate hosts. • S. suihominis: humans are final host and pigs are intermediate hosts. responsible for intestinal sarcocystosis • S. lindemani: human is intermediate host. Monkey is final host. Cysts are formed in striated muscles, diaphragm, esophagus, heart, and tongue. R. Rafiei 37 R. Rafiei 38 Mieschers tube Cystozoit or bradyzoit R. Rafiei 39 Transmission route occurs when uncooked pig or cattle meat infected with cysts are ingested. Human are the definitive host. Gametogony usually occurs in the human intestinal cells. Then oocysts are developed and subsequently sporocyst release. R. Rafiei 40 Intestinal sarcocystosis • Infections are often asymptomatic • Occasionally, mild fever, diarrhea, and vomiting may occur. • Diagnosis: The oocysts/sporocysts are observed upon examination of the stool specimens. • Prevention: completely cooking of meat (55 C) + frozen meat (24-48 hours in - 20 C) • Treatment: TMP-SMX R. Rafiei 41 R. Rafiei 42 R. Rafiei 43