Chemistry Characteristics of solids, liquids, gases, and plasma Kinetic theory Name: Period: Plasma I. The individual particles in gases are atoms or molecules. What type of particles make up a plasma? k ee. pc> s ' 2. t ncg chared parhdes Hons ) How is the glowing plasma created in fluorescent light bulbs and neon signs? clect-nci ^ -^ ^ Causw) tha iA \ ^ s the, gas ^ e Kecks f-h od~om ^> * Characteristics of solids, liquids and gases 3. Write solid, liquid, or gas for each of the following characteristics Particles are well separated with no regular arrangement. Sol id Particles are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern. Particles are close together with no regular arrangement. liquid Particles vibrate, move about, and slide past each other. S o l id Particles vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from place to place. ^^ - Particles vibrate and move freely at high speeds. 1 ICj U i d Assumes the shape but not volume of the container. snl id. Retains a fixed shape and volume . gas Assumes the shape and volume of the container. 0ft S Can be easily compressed into a smaller volume Sol id Does not flow easily fd-ea \ gas does not raoillg ex /s+ bu+ rt matts the rmfh c ( oce npproXirmVioK Kinetic theory Go to Kinetic molecular theory at 10 o. ' ' L ’ The assumptions of Kinetic molecular theory are mainly for gases. The imaginary gas acts like a real gas under most conditions. Real o&z-e'i a+ mgh Assumptions enough behftve, v IOIAJ . pressure The gas particles have a mass but very small volume compared to the container. The gas particles travel randomly in a straight line motion . All collisions involving gas particles are elastic; the kinetic energy of the system is conserved . " flitrachorts" The gas particles do not interact with each other or with the walls of any container. The entire average kinetic energy is proportional to temperature; the kinetic energy varies among the particles in a bell shaped curve . The hotter the gas , the wider the energy distribution . When kinetic theory assumptions for gases are no longer valid When high pressure forces gas particles closer together the particles begin to attract each other and the gas changes into a liquid . Lower temperatures force the gas particles to move slower and help the particles attract each other and form liquids also 4. If an ideal gas has no attraction between particles would it ever form a liquid ? Why or why not ? is pressure high enough r NO P £& The volume of an ideal gas is determined -oy the container. What te ' 5. solid ? 6. What happens when two ideal gas particles strike each other? 7. Under what conditions do real gases condense to form a liquid ? 8. Why do gases have a very low density ? " determines the volume of a liquid or £ is cooseru-ed ( per - fec-H elAS+icJ ^ tE 9. +,° y frsrfcr, more spetrd bdweer* r>oc> um Of 2- Vh\ lIo motfcuU s Which state of matter has the least amount of attraction between particles? ^ fygy prfS u ^ 10. Why will gases spread out or diffuse much more than liquids or solids? Gas pa/ridrs- are mov t ra _ SV-Wa i \VvV * 13. ' When a gas is heated does the volume become larger or smaller? Why ? ^ 12 . fre.iA rave so LT fs easier anise J RAVXIOW\ Why do liquid particles collide with each other more frequently than gas particles when they move? lidu \ cL paH-idrs cxr -e c loser -hxje’ttw 14. Will a heated liquid expand more or less than a heated gas? Why? irSS - ft\e aPnraotef 15. par -Hcles irux Ucxuicl are a-tV\ ev c\s IA areL olasev * What is Brownian motion ? I random rtrt-PWna or a -Pi u i d. 16. 17. parHol Describe the motion of particles in a solid. -fixed., vibra-Hfia _ Sus >cKied IA ^ po tkfirV'' - ^ ivvpfcXG Why do solids have both a fixed volume and a fixed shape? IMA s are sfr&n ' 18. He ^ v V^-ep +he parhdes icyther Why do solid particles not diffuse into the air the way that liquid and gas particles do? iMA s are too '