University:
University of Edinburgh
Course:
SHSS08004 | Contemporary Issues in Health and Wellbeing
Academic year:

2024
Views:

413

Pages:

94
Author:

galloferobx06

Asbestos Awareness Training 2017 Welcome Asbestos Awareness Course Housekeeping (toilets / tea break) Fire Alarm ( muster point) Mobile Phones (off / silent) Format (questions) HSE 2016/17 Statistics 137 people were killed due to workplace accidents 19 In Scotland 30 in construction in UK; construction remains a high risk industry. Although it accounts for only about 5% of the employees in Britain it still accounts for nearly 25% of fatal injuries to employees and over 10% of reported major injuries. What about asbestos? • What do we know about Work‐related asbestos disease? • Around 4000 deaths in total per year currently, and still increasing – possibly peak in 2020 • Diseases take many years to develop following exposure to asbestos • Current deaths are a result of past exposures • legacy industries…BUT… Did you know? That every week on average 20 tradesman, including 8 joiners, 6 electricians and 4 plumbers die from asbestos‐related disease. Asbestos Awareness Asbestos awareness training is required to be given to employees whose work could foreseeably expose them to asbestos The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 • • • • • • • • Where asbestos comes from Types of asbestos Properties of asbestos Effects on health The presence of asbestos in buildings The risks Avoiding the risk Emergency Procedures Test Paper So who is at risk? • This includes; • It is recognised that almost all workers within the construction industry will come across asbestos as part of their work activities. • Not just demolition / refurbishment contractors! Electricians Plumbers / Gas Fitters Painters / Decorators Joiners / Shop Fitters Plasterers Roofers General Site Personnel Site Management Site Visitors  YOU What is Asbestos • Asbestos is a naturally occurring rock which is/has been mined • Asbestos is a generic term for a group of fibrous mineral silicates • Formed over millions of years crystallised under the influence of igneous activity Asbestos Origins  Commercially mined in  Canada, Russia, China,  South Africa Asbestos Mining • From 1910‐1999 it is estimated that over 6,000,000 tonnes of raw natural asbestos was imported into the UK • It was cheap, had a variety of uses and therefore very common in Government Funded buildings. (remember this !) Asbestos Family Tree ASBESTOS SERPENTINE AMPHIBOLE Chrysotile Crocidolite Amosite White Asbestos Blue Asbestos Brown Asbestos Tremolite Anthophyllite Actinolite Warning ! The type of asbestos can not be confirmed by its surface colour This is due to its microscopic nature, it will take on the colour of the bonding sealing material Brief History Of Asbestos • Used to strengthen clay pottery by Finnish potters around 2000BC • Ancient Romans made clothing from asbestos • Industrially used in Shipbuilding and train manufacture Construction industry used in building materials and Products First death from Mesothelioma linked to Asbestos 1906 • 1974 Asbestos Imports peak around 170,000 tonnes/year) • 1980 Voluntary import ban on Blue and Brown Asbestos • 1983 Main Asbestos Regulations Introduced ‐ CAWR & Licensed work • 1999 Total Ban (6.1 Million Tonnes imported since 1900!) ‐ why is this important? • 2004 Duty to Manage came into force “White Asbestos” Chrysotile Bundles of fibres “wavy” Hardness about same as fingernail High tensile strength, can be spun and woven Characteristics • Chrysotile (“White”) • Prohibited since 1999 • Not totally resistant to acids and alkali • Decomposition temperature (400c – 700c) • Fibres are hydrophilic (water loving) Common Usage: Asbestos Cement, Insulation, Vinyl Flooring, Roofing Felts, Oven Gloves, Fire Blankets and Curtains. Testing: Moved from kg/ per m3 to water absorption test. “Brown Asbestos” Amosite •Straight, needle like fibres. Often used for thermal installation. Characteristics • Amosite (“Brown”) • Prohibited since 1985 • Highly resistant to acids and alkali • Decomposition temperature (600c – 700c) • Fibres are hydrophobic (water hating) • Excellent as sound and heating insulation Common Usage: Pipe Lagging, Insulation Boards and Sprayed Coatings. “Blue” Asbestos Crocidolite Sprayed coating “fluffy” and very friable Characteristics • Crocidolite (“Blue”) • Prohibited since 1985 • Resistant to acids and alkali • Decomposition temperature (400c – 600c) • Excellent as sound and heating insulation • Tensile strength greater than Chrysotile and similar to steel Common Usage: Ropes, Lagging, Sprayed Coatings and Cements. Asbestos Products Asbestos Fibres are added to make an Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) What makes it so useful? Good thermal insulator Good electrical insulator Fire / heat resistant Very stable at high temperatures High tensile strength Long Flexible Fibres Chemically inert Easily Bonded Resistant to strong acid/alkali Water repellant, Lighter than silk, Stronger than steel, Does not degrade over time 3000+ Building Products.. Versatile Hollywood “Snow” Talcum Powder Crayola Crayons Ironing Board plates / covers Kent Cigarettes Czechoslovakian Budweiser Gordon’s Gin What types of asbestos are dangerous? •ALL types of asbestos are classified as Category 1 Carcinogens. •Cancer causing Famous Asbestos Death Steve McQueen – WHY ? Died: Friday 7th November 1980, Cause: Mesothelioma - Asbestos Exposure UK Asbestos exposure Deaths Worst case Best case 12000 10000 Deaths in thousands per year. UK only 8000 6000 4000 2000 19 90 19 93 19 96 19 99 20 02 20 05 20 08 20 11 20 14 20 17 20 20 0 ‘Real’ people not just statistics Years • There is a general background level of Asbestos fibres in the air we breathe • Many Asbestos Fibres are released from a material when damaged (Greater force = More fibres) • Fibres are microscopic and invisible to the naked eye. • They are virtually weightless and can float in the air for hours and even days Asbestos Fibres in the Air Worker Empties Asbestos Into Hopper Types of activities likely to increase exposure •Cutting (esp. with power saw) •Drilling •Hammering •Disturbing, investigative work? •Sanding •Stripping •Removing Levels of Concern – WHY ? • Any building constructed or refurbished before 2000 may contain asbestos now Asbestos in Buildings Sprayed Coatings (‘Limpet Asbestos’) • • • • • • • • • Applied Raw (almost 90% pure asbestos) by spraying Commonly either Blue or Brown asbestos used Application ceased around 1974‐75 Very friable and susceptible to damage Fire Protection: Steelwork and fire‐curtains Prevent Condensation: Ceilings (car parks) Acoustic insulation (cinemas, theatres) Application results in high level of contamination – (over spray) Decontamination/Removal difficult & expensive Asbestos Sprayed Coatings Ceiling Fixings Placed on Sprayed Asbestos (not from University Site!) Asbestos in Buildings Asbestos in Buildings Asbestos Insulation Debris in Ceiling Void – suspended ceiling tiles !!! Damaged Sprayed Asbestos Sprayed Asbestos (Encapsulated) Asbestos in Buildings • Lagging (thermal insulation) • • • • Boiler & Pipe Insulation Can be almost 100% asbestos (mixture of types) Loosely bonded and friable (susceptible to damage) Numerous forms Hard‐setting (‘monkey dung’‐oldest form) • Sectional • Rope /yarns and blankets • Pipe Insulation Pipe Insulation Boiler & Tank Insulation Pipe Insulation in a Ceiling Void Insulation Residue & Debris Asbestos Building Materials • Insulating boards (AIB) • Typical asbestos content (20‐40%) • Water absorbency test (>30% of its weight) • Usually contain Amosite or a mixture of types • Manufactured semi‐compressed • Mainly used for partition walls & ceiling tiles • Provides fire protection Asbestos Insulating Board Asbestos Insulating Board Asbestos Insulating Board Asbestos Building Materials • Other Materials – Ropes, gaskets, yarns and cloth flash pads – Millboard, paper and paper products – Bitumen felts and coated metal (Galbestos) – Flooring materials-floor tiles & linoleum – Textured Decorative Coatings (e.g. ARTEX) and paints – Friction material - brake pads and clutch plates – Mastics, sealants, putties and adhesives – Reinforced plastics (cisterns, toilet seats) Other Asbestos Materials Asbestos Building Materials • Asbestos Cement Products • Asbestos content (5‐15%) ‐ Usually Chrysotile mixed with Portland cement or calcium silicate • Used as a binding agent to add strength & durability • Very hard & brittle material • Rainwater furniture,slates,shuttering • Flue pipes, water pipes Asbestos Cement Pipes Asbestos Cement Products Asbestos Cement Sheets Asbestos Cement Roofing Always remember with asbestos cement roofs and fragile roof lights, there are additional immediate risks! Asbestos In Domestic Buildings Asbestos In Domestic Buildings Identification of Asbestos • Cannot be identified by visual appearance alone • Achieved by taking a sample and having it analysed in an accredited laboratory • Only authorised people to take samples • Member of the H&S Management Team • One of our authorised framework surveyors • Analysis will tell you what type of asbestos or non‐ DR1 asbestos Sampling & Surveying The university operates a framework of UKAS accredited survey companies. Only these companies are permitted to carry out asbestos surveys on campus. HSG 264 Asbestos the survey guide 2012 – replaces MDHS 100 Management survey (old type 2) Refurbishment / demolition survey (old type 3) ONLY R&D for work area Survey Report includes Description of Premises, Asbestos Register, Material Assessment, Photos & Plans DR2 LABELLING • Often ignored /or misunderstood • • • • • Bottom of the control hierarchy Adequate message suitably positioned Reduce incidence of disturbance Warning and /or instructive Not always appropriate i.e. In shops, schools, public areas? • Can become dirty, be removed, covered over • The University will only label asbestos which is vulnerable to damage and which is scheduled for removal. The primary control for checking for asbestos is the Shine system Health Effects of Asbestos Health Effects Main Routes of entry: Inhalation and Ingestion Microscopic needle fibres penetrate the bodies defence Lung lining one cell thick (very delicate), Fibres can migrate to surface and other parts of the body Respirable • Fibres are: • less than 5000th of a mm long • about 3000th of a mm wide Such fibres, as airborne dust, are liable to penetrate the alveoli of the lungs. • What Types of Asbestos are Dangerous? • All types are classified as Category Type 1 Carcinogens • Amphiboles (Brown & Blue) are dangerous substances • Serpentine (White) is considered slightly less dangerous by some but not all scientists. No SAFE level • Default : Asbestos is carcinogenic Latency Period Asbestos related cancers can take years to develop • In most cases it can take anywhere between 10‐60 years • As a result many workers may not become ill until after they have retired or left. • They may not remember when or where they were exposed to asbestos • Due to the nomadic nature of construction workers employment history it can be difficult to take court action. Health Effects - Lung Function Scarring & physical damage;• Pleural Plaques • Asbestosis leading to;Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma • Lung Cancer • Other Cancers • Asbestos Related Conditions • Pleural Plaques • • • • Benign partially calcified thickenings on the surface of the pleura Visible on X‐rays No detrimental effects on Lung Function Sighted as a marker for significant asbestos exposure Asbestos Related Conditions • Asbestosis • • • • • • • Fibrotic interstitial Lung Disease First signs are “crackles” & coughing Lung Function declines with advancement Irreversible and can progress even after exposure ceases Usually Results from very heavy long term exposure First seen in 1899 Latency period of 10‐25 years Asbestos Related Conditions • Lung Cancer • Dose related • Cause and effect established in 1947 • Rate of Lung Cancer 7 times higher amongst workers exposed to Asbestos than general population • Similar to cancer from smoking • Smoking combined with asbestos exposure substantially increases risk of cancer (synergistic effect). Asbestos & Smoking Asbestos and lung cancer (Lung cancer death rates per 100 000 person years) Asbestos Smoker Death rate Mortality worker rate No No 11.3 1 Yes No 58.4 X5 No Yes 122.8 X 11 Yes Yes 601.6 X 53 Asbestos Related Conditions • Mesothelioma • Cancer of the pleura‐lining of the chest cavity and the peritoneum – lining of the abdomen • Latency period of 25 – 40 years • It is incurable and always fatal • Average Life expectancy is 1 year after diagnosis (5‐year 20% survival) • Strongly linked with Exposure to Blue & Brown Asbestos • Smoking does not increase the chance of disease LUNGS Healthy Lung Mesothelioma Preventing Disease • Stop or reduce smoking • Follow safe methods of work (method statement) and use RPE properly • Think about ! • Risk to families from contaminated work clothes or equipment • Medical surveillance & Health records Health Effects: SUMMARY • We all breathe a small quantity of Asbestos fibres everyday • Asbestos exposure can lead to: • Asbestosis • Mesothelioma • Lung Cancer • Most cases of Disease are linked to long term exposure to asbestos fibres and dusts • Exposure only results from breathing in the fibres • The more fibres inhaled the greater the chance of developing an asbestos disease Legislation Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 • A comprehensive guide to Managing Asbestos in premises HSG 227 (1st edition 2002) • HSG 264 Asbestos the survey guide (2nd edition 2012) The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 “duty to manage” You are a ‘duty holder’ if: • • • • Anyone who is responsible for maintenance and repairs you own the building; you are responsible through a contract or tenancy agreement; you have control of the building but no formal contract or agreement; or • in a multi‐occupancy building, you are the owner and have taken responsibility for maintenance and repairs for the whole building Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 Primary Legislation Section 2 Duties Section 3 Duties Duty to Manage Asbestos Main Requirements: Identify or Presume Asbestos Assess the Risk – (location / condition) Make and keep an up‐to‐date record Prepare an action plan that sets out how you are going to manage the risk from asbestos Setting up a system for providing information on the location and condition of the acm Review / monitor – is the management effective? Asbestos products are "special waste" and must be consigned under the relevant waste rules. Dutyholders must prevent escape of the waste whilst it is in their control. Other information may be found on the SEPA website and HSE's asbestos website. Information to Employees Information to Employees Discovered or Damaged Suspect Material? Discovered or Damaged Known Material? Asbestos essentials (not relevant for University) •No University employee is permitted to work on any asbestos. •All work is carried out by an Asbestos Contractor. Asbestos Licensing HSE issues and regulates Asbestos Licences • Asbestos removal is a licenced industry. All asbestos work is carried out by a University approved licenced contractor. Asbestos Removal Contractors • HSE licence is required for work with most Asbestos • Activities of contractors controlled by HSE • Contractors have to give notification of works, and method statement • HSE carries out inspections of sites • Trade associations: ARCA Refurbishment and Demolition Surveys • Are a statutory requirement for all intrusive works. • Survey commissioned by the Health and Safety Management team • ACM clearly identified and condition noted • BASED ON SCOPE OF THE PROJECT/ACTIVITY NO MISSION CREEP! Five Key Messages from Today 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Asbestos is a natural mineral used within many construction materials (3,000 + !) It is fibrous in nature, with fibres being harmful when inhaled. 4000 plus people are dying every year due to asbestos exposure. YOU are at risk. By following Safe Systems of Work, disease is preventable! Consequences of Failure • People get hurt! • Enforcement action • Possible civil claims • Worry, stress and anxiety… • Damage to Reputation (yours and the Universities)

Asbestos Awareness Presentation

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