AP Human Geography Unit 2 Practice Test

AP Human Geography Unit 2 practice test 1. According to the US Committee for Refugees, the three largest groups of international refugees are A) Vietnamese, Indian and Indonesian B) Sudanese, South African and Colombian C) Ethiopian, Nicaraguan, and Somalian D) Mexican, Pakistani, and Colombian E) Palestinian, Iraqi, and Afghan E 2. True or false: Most migration occurs because of a combination of push and pull factors. True 3. Migration to the US declined during the 1920s primar- A ily because of A) imposition of quota laws B) economic depression in the US C) declining demand for domestic workers D) forced migration after WWI E) declining demand for industrial workers 4. Guest workers in Europe and the Middle East are A) southern Europeans B) technical specialists invited as consultants C) Muslims D) illegal immigrants E) low-status foreigners 5. The most prominent type of intraregional migration in D the world is A) urban to rural B) region to region C) city to city D) rural to urban E) north to south 6. Which of the following is not presently one of the three largest migration flows in the world? A) to North America from Asia B) to North America from Latin America 1 / 34 E C C) to Europe from Africa D) to Europe from Asia 7. The largest number of undocumented immigrants to A the US come from what country? A) Mexico B) the Philippines C) South Korea D) Cuba E) Dominican Republic 8. The ability to move from one location to another is 9. Refugees migrate primarily because of which type of C push factor? A) circulation B) economic C) cultural D) environmental mobility 10. Most guest workers head for which part of Europe? E A) south and east B) south and west C) central D) north and east E) north and west 11. A country has net in-migration if emigration _______ A immigration. A) is less than B) exceeds C) varies more than D) equals E) is closer to net migration than 12. The destination for most undocumented immigrants C entering Mexico is A) work in Pacific coast resorts B) work in factories in northern Mexico C) the US border 2 / 34 D) work on fruit plantations E) Mexico city 13. Counterurbanization is B A) decline of the inner-city infrastructure B) migration to rural areas and small towns C) the move from the urban core to suburban areas D) due to expanding suburbs E) the trend of the elderly retiring to rural locations 14. True or false: In recent years, the immigration quota False has been sufficient to accommodate all people who wish to migrate to the US. 15. The Brazilian government encouraged interregional D migration by A) making Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo more attractive B) clearing the rain forest for agricultural activities in the interior C) dictating optimal locations for factories D) moving the capital to Brasilia E) industrial development on the Atlantic coast 16. Recent immigrants to the US B A) are nearly evenly distributed among all states B) are concentrated in a few states according to economic prospects and migrant's country of origin C) are distributed evenly along the southern US border and the east and west coasts D) are concentrated in Texas, California, and Illinois 17. Most European guest workers come from which part D of Europe? A) north and west B) north and east C) central D) south and east E) south and west 3 / 34 18. True or false: Countries with slow population growth False but strong economies commonly experience out-migration. 19. Wilbur Zelinsky's model of migration predicted B A) long migration distances are more likely than short B) migration characteristics vary with the demographic transition C) women are more likely to migrate than men D) intraregional migration is more important than interregional E) migrants move most frequently for economic reasons 20. The largest level of interregional migration in the US A was caused by the A) opening up of the western territories B) illegal immigration from Latin America C) immigration of Asians beginning in the early twentieth century D) arrival of Europeans beginning in the 1600s E) industrial development in the northeast 21. Many of the refugees from Vietnam became known as E the A) Viet Cong B) communists C) Hindus D) segregationists E) boat people 22. True or false: It can be difficult to distinguish between false economic migrants and refugees, except in the way they are granted admittance to a new country. 23. A permanent move to a new location migration 24. Norwegians were most likely to immigrate to the US B A) during the US Civil War B) during the 1880s and 1890s 4 / 34 C) between 1900 and 1915 D) prior to 1840 E) during the 1840s and 1850s 25. Most migrants to the US during the peak of the 1840s C and 1850s came from which part of Europe? A) Italy and Poland B) Russia and Bulgaria C) Ireland and Germany D) Norway and England E) Spain and Portugal 26. Ellis Island B A) was originally claimed by France but given to the US along with the Statue of Liberty B) was the subject of a territorial dispute between New York and New Jersey C) is still in use today as an immigration gateway to the US D) is not truly an island because it is joined to the mainland by a narrow strip of land 27. Europeans migrated to the US primarily because of C A) religious freedom in the US as European countries oppressed their citizens B) decreased political stability as European countries were wracked by revolutions C) decreased economic opportunities as European countries experienced rapid population growth D) discoveries of gold in California and Alaska 28. True or false: The three major kinds of push factors True are cultural, economic, and environmental 29. Brain drain is D A) a cultural feature that hinders migratiion B) people forced to migrate for political reasons C) the process by which people are given reference for migration 5 / 34 D) the large-scale emigration of talented people E) net decline in literacy 30. True or false: The most common environmental threat True to people comes from too much or too little water. 31. A physical feature, such as a body of water, which hinders migration is an example of A) an environmental push factor B) an environmental incentive C) a cultural pull factor D) a forced migration E) an intervening obstacle E 32. US quota laws from the 1920s until the 1960s had the D effect of A) virtually ending immigration B) dramatically increasing immigration from around the world C) indirectly causing two world wars D) ensuring the majority of migrants continued to be from Europe E) increasing the possibility of migration from regions previously prohibited 33. Most Asians are currently migrating to the US through the process of A) illegal immigration B) chain migration C) brain drain D) global relocation E) expansion diffusion B 34. Which factor most often causes a voluntary migration? A) regional conflicts B) international C) environmental D) cultural E) economic E 6 / 34 35. True or false: The major reason for illegal immigration False to the US is to escape political persecution. 36. According to the 1986 Immigration Reform and Con- B trol Act, undocumented immigrants were A) established as guest workers B) permitted to become legal residents C) no longer eligible for public services in the US D) encouraged to remain because of shortages of workers E) increasingly deported if caught 37. The largest number of legal immigrants to the US come from what country? A) Cuba B) South Korea C) Mexico D) the Philippines E) Dominican Republic C 38. True or false: Historically, the center of population in true the US has moved a long distance to the west but not a long distance to the south 39. Which is a current intraregional migration trend in the C US? A) metropolitan to nonmetropolitan B) rural to urban C) urban to suburban D) net emigration from the northeast E) all of the above 40. The most popular destination for voluntary migrants D from Great Britain has been A) South America B) Asia C) Australia D) North America E) South Asia 7 / 34 41. Mexico's immigration policy C A) attempts to prevent any money from leaving the country B) welcomes migrants from other countries C) is complicated because Mexico favors migration to the US but opposes migration from its south D) is opposed to Mexicans migration to the US because they otherwise would contribute to the economy at home 42. The US has received the lowest number of refugees B from which of these countries? A) Haiti B) Ethiopia C) Cuba D) VIetnam 43. An example of a government limiting migration is A) Norway B) UK C) Bangladesh D) the State of Assam E) Mexico D 44. The most important pull factor for migrants to North A America today is A) economic B) geomagnetic C) environmental D) forced E) cultural 45. Which of the following events would be considered a D migration pull factor? A) revolutionary takeover of a government B) flooding of a river C) failed harvest D) opening of a new factory E) civil war 8 / 34 46. The largest numbers of recent immigrants to the US A are A) relatives of US residents B) talented professionals C) political refugees D) illegal immigrants E) guest workers 47. THe US center of population has moved steadily to the A) north B) center C) south D) east E) west E 48. true or false: The difference between the number of True people migrating to a place and the number leaving is called net migration. 49. Several million Irish migrated in the 1840s primarily D because A) poor environmental conditions induced them to migrate B) they were attracted to the US C) the English forced them to become refugees D) disastrous economic conditions pushed them out of the country E) Spanish invasion threatened their homes 50. The highest rates of immigration are to A) some Middle Eastern countries B) the US C) Mexico and Latin America D) Europe A 51. Most migrants to the US during the peak of the late B nineteenth century came from which part of Europe? A) south and east 9 / 34 B) north and west C) Central D) north and east E) south and west 52. People are forced to migrate primarily because of which factor? A) international B) economic C) mobility D) cultural E) environmental D 53. True or false: Most Asian immigrants in the US are single young men trying to find work. False 54. Most migrants to the US during the early twentieth century came from which part of Europe? A) central B) north and east C) north and west D) south and east E) south and west D 55. Migration to the US increased from Europe after 1800 D in part because of A) rapid increase in the crude death rate B) deteriorating public health, medicine, and food supply C) expanded economic opportunities during the Industrial Revolution D) higher natural increase rates E) plague and famine 56. Which statement most accurately describes the mo- D tivations of the historic European and current Latin American immigrants to the US? A) Migrants from Europe were fleeing religious persecution while migrants from Latin America are motivated by economic factors B) Migrants from Europe mostly spoke English while 10 / 34 migrants from Latin American mostly speak Spanish C) Both were and are motivated by famine in their home country D) Both were and are motivated primarily by economic factors E) Both were and are motivated by a desire to join family members already in the US 57. Many Argentinians who fled the country in the 1970s, B when the country was ruled by a military regime, returned to the country after democratic elections were held in 1983. This is an example of A) emigration changing to immigration B) a push factor changing to a pull factor C) forced migration changing to voluntary migration D) a pull factor changing to a push factor E) an economic migration factor changing to an environmental migration factor 58. Suburbanization of more developed countries is due E to A) regional development B) increasing employment opportunities C) expanding urban territory D) global investment E) desire to change lifestyle 59. In the US, which is likely to cause virtually all popula- A tion growth in the next few decades? A) net in-migration B) crude birth rate C) urban expansions D) declining death rate E) natural increase rate 60. True or false: The most important type of internal migration within the US is from urban to suburban. True 61. The greatest total number of foreign born residents D can be found in 11 / 34 A) Germany B) Australia C) China D) US 62. The migration transition model predicts that interna- B tional migration reaches a peak at ____________ of the demographic transition A) stage 3 B) stage 2 C) stage 1 D) stage 4 63. One important feature of the world's population with C the most significant future implications is that A) the natural increase rate is larger every year. B) there are fewer people in the world now than at the peak in the middle of the twentieth century. C) the most rapid growth is occurring in the less developed countries. D) people are uniformly distributed across Earth. E) the less developed countries have the highest combined crude death rate. 64. Geographers define overpopulation as A) too many people in the world. B) too many people compared to resources. C) too many people in a region. D) all of the above 12 / 34 B E) A and C 65. The world's fourth largest concentration of people is C located in A) East Asia. B) South Asia. C) Southeast Asia. D) Europe. E) North America. 66. The most populous country in the world is A A) China. B) India. C) Russia. D) Indonesia. E) Republic of Congo. 67. Two-thirds of the world's population is clustered in four regions. Which of the following is not one of these four regions? A) East Asia B) Southeast Asia C) Sub-Saharan Africa D) Europe 13 / 34 C E) South Asia 68. Most people live in cities in which of these regions? D A) East Asia B) South Asia C) Southeast Asia D) Europe E) Sub-Saharan Africa 69. The most populous country in the Southeast Asia region is D A) Bangladesh. B) China. C) India. D) Indonesia. E) Thailand 70. Human beings avoid all but which of these regions? C A) cold lands B) dry lands C) warm lands D) wet lands E) high lands 14 / 34 71. Relatively few people live at high elevations, but there C are significant exceptions, especially in A) Asia. B) Europe. C) Latin America. D) North America. E) Africa. 72. Physiological density is the number of D A) acres of farmland. B) farmers per area of farmland. C) people per area of land. D) people per area suitable for agriculture. E) farm animals per area suitable for agriculture. 73. 11) A country with a large amount of arable land and D a small number of farmers will have a A) high physiological density. B) low physiological density. C) high agricultural density. D) low agricultural density. E) low arithmetic density. 74. E 15 / 34 Land suited for agriculture is called A) population density. B) agricultural density. C) physiological density. D) arid land. E) arable land. 75. If the physiological density is much larger than the arithmetic density, then a country has C A) inefficient farmers. B) a large number of farmers. C) a small percentage of land suitable for agriculture. D) too many people for the available resources. E) too few farmers for the large area of land suitable for agriculture. 76. India and the United Kingdom have approximately the B same arithmetic density. From this we can conclude that the two countries have the same A) level of output per farmer. B) number of people per area of land. C) pressure placed by people on the land to produce food. D) number of farmers per area of land. 16 / 34 E) all of the above 77. The annual global population growth rate increased A approximately ten thousand years ago because of the A) agricultural revolution. B) demographic transition. C) Industrial Revolution. D) medical revolution. E) increase in the crude birth rate. 78. The annual global population growth rate increased C approximately two hundred years ago because of the A) agricultural revolution. B) demographic transition. C) Industrial Revolution. D) medical revolution. E) increase in the crude birth rate. 79. The medical revolution has been characterized by A) development of new inventions. B) diffusion of medical practices. C) increased agricultural productivity. D) invention of new medicines. 17 / 34 B E) increase in the crude birth rate. 80. The average number of births women bear in their lifetimes is C A) crude birth rate. B) crude death rate. C) total fertility rate. D) natural increase rate. E) increasing in more developed countries. 81. To study fertility, geographers most frequently use the A A) crude birth rate. B) crude death rate. C) infant mortality rate. D) natural increase rate. E) life expectancy. 82. The world's population in 1995 was approximately 6 A billion and a steady rate of growth was expected to reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. The period of 45 years is known as A) doubling time. B) life expectancy. C) natural increase rate. 18 / 34 D) overpopulation. E) demographic transition. 83. The annual natural increase rate is currently approx- A imately A) 1.2 percent. B) 12 percent. C) 1.2 per 1,000. D) 120 million. E) 12 billion. 84. A decline in a country's crude birth rate would result D in an increase in the country's A) total fertility rate. B) life expectancy rate. C) crude death rate. D) doubling time. E) natural increase rate. 85. Of the following five countries, the highest natural increase rate is found in A) China. B) Colombia. C) Denmark. 19 / 34 D D) Uganda. E) Norway 86. Of the following five countries, the lowest crude birth C rate is found in A) China. B) Colombia. C) Denmark. D) Uganda. E) Zaire. 87. When combined for all less developed countries, which of the following rates is lower than more developed countries combined? A) crude birth rate B B) crude death rate C) infant mortality rate D) natural increase rate E) total growth rate 88. Costa Rica has a lower crude death rate than the United States because Costa Rica A) has a higher sex ratio. B) has more hospitals per person. C) has a milder climate. 20 / 34 E D) is in Stage 4 of the demographic transition. E) has a lower percentage of elderly people. 89. Among world countries, the spread between the high- B est and lowest crude death rates is ________ than the spread between the highest and lowest crude birth rates. A) greater B) less C) the same as D) more related to income E) less dependent on social services 90. Life expectancy is lowest in A A) Africa. B) East Asia. C) North America. D) Europe. E) Southeast Asia. 91. The total number of live births per year per 1,000 people in a society is the A) crude birth rate. B) life expectancy rate. 21 / 34 A C) natural increase rate. D) total fertility rate. E) projected birth rate. 92. The highest natural increase rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition? B A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 93. The lowest crude birth rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition? D A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 94. The highest crude death rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 22 / 34 A B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 95. Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15. In what stage of demographic transition is this country? B A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 96. Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15, while Country Y has a crude birth rate of 20 and a crude death rate of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate? A) Country X B) Country Y C) The rate is the same in both countries. D) The rate depends on total population, so it can't be computed from this information. 23 / 34 A E) The rate depends on immigration, so it can't be computed from this information. 97. For every 1,000 babies born in Mozambique this year, nearly 150 of them will die before they reach their first birthday. The rate of 150 deaths per 1,000 births is known as the B A) crude death rate. B) infant mortality rate. C) life expectancy. D) total fertility rate. E) terminal population rate. 98. Rapidly declining crude death rates are found in which stage of the demographic transition? B A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 99. More developed countries moved from Stage 1 to E Stage 2 of the demographic transition 200 years ago in part because of A) the agricultural revolution. B) invention of new technology. 24 / 34 C) people moving to cities. D) women choosing to enter the labor force. E) decreasing crude birth rates 100. The percentage of people who are too young or too old to work in a society is the A A) dependency rate. B) life expectancy. C) population pyramid. D) sex ratio. E) demographic ratio. 101. The shape of a country's population pyramid is determined primarily by its A A) crude birth rate. B) crude death rate. C) dependency rate. D) sex ratio. E) demographic ratio 102. A crude birth rate of approximately 10 per 1,000 is typical of a country in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 25 / 34 D B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stages 2 and 3 103. The country with the narrowest population pyramid is C A) Cape Verde. B) Chile. C) Denmark. D) the United States. E) Zaire. 104. England's population pyramid would most likely resemble that of C A) Cape Verde. B) Chile. C) Denmark. D) the United States. E) Zaire. 105. The population pyramid of Naples, Florida, is "upside down," because the city has a large percentage of A) elderly people. 26 / 34 A B) young people. C) immigrants. D) females. E) infants 106. In contrast to the experience of more developed C countries, less developed countries entered Stage 2 of the demographic transition through A) creation of higher levels of wealth. B) diffusion of the Industrial Revolution. C) diffusion of medical technology from other countries. D) profound changes in their economic and social systems. E) banking innovations. 107. Thomas Malthus concluded that A) population increased arithmetically while food production increased geometrically. B) the world's rate of population increase was higher than the development of food supplies. C) moral restraint was producing lower crude birth rates. 27 / 34 B D) population growth was outpacing available resources in every country. E) crude birth rates must balance crude death rates. 108. In comparing Malthus's theory to actual world food production and population growth during the past half-century, the principal difference is that A A) actual food production has been much higher than Malthus predicted. B) Malthus's theory predicted much higher food production than has actually occurred C) actual population growth has been much higher than Malthus predicted. D) Malthus's theory predicted much higher population growth than has actually occurred. E) population increased geometrically while food production increased arithmetically. 109. The principal reason for declining natural increase rates in less developed countries today is A) increasing crude birth rates. B) declining crude birth rates. C) increasing crude death rates. D) declining crude death rates. E) balanced natural increase rates. 28 / 34 B 110. The low rate of contraceptive use in Africa reflects the region's B A) improving education of women. B) low status of women. C) rapid diffusion of contraceptives. D) all of the above E) A and B 111. A possible stage five epidemiological transition is the stage of E A) pestilence and famine. B) receding pandemics. C) degenerative and human created diseases. D) delayed degenerative diseases. E) reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases. 112. The most lethal epidemic in recent years has been A) avian flu. B) AIDS. C) malaria. D) cholera. E) SARS 29 / 34 B 113. More people are alive now than at any time in the past. True Answer: True or False 114. Since the end of World War II, world population has been growing more slowly than in the past. False True or False 115. Most population growth is presently concentrated in more developed countries. False True of False 116. More than half of the people in the world live in Asia. True True or False 117. Two thousand years ago, Asia contained about the same percentage of world population as it dos now True True or False 118. City X contains 2,000,000 people living on 1,000 square kilometers of land. The population density of city X is 200 persons per square kilometer. False True or False 30 / 34 119. The physiological density of Egypt is 2,580 persons per square kilometer, while the arithmetic density is 75. This means that most of the countries land is unsuitable for intensive agriculture. True True or False 120. A country of 30,000,000 people has a crude birth rate of 10. This means that in one year 3,000,000 babies were born. False True or False 121. The highest crude birth rates are found in the less developed countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. True True of False 122. The highest crude death rates are found in the less developed countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America . True or False False 123. Relatively few people inhabit the highlands, yet some of the world's largest cities are located in highlands. True True or False 31 / 34 124. A country in Stage 2 of the demographic transition is likely to have higher crude birth and crude death rates than a country in Stage 4. True True or False 125. A country in Stage 4 of the demographic transition is likely to have a population pyramid with a flatter base than a country in Stage 2. True True or False 126. Societies move from Stage 2 to Stage 3 of the demographic transition because of technical change, but from Stage 3 to Stage 4 because of social change. False True of False 127. According to Malthus, population increases geometrically, while food supply increases arithmetically . True or False True 128. As the GDP per capita increases, the crude birth rate generally ________. Decreases 129. As the GDP per capita increases, the crude death rate generally ________. Remains about the same 32 / 34 130. As the GDP per capita increases, the natural increase rate generally ________. Decreases 131. The portion of the earths surface occupied by permanent human settlement is called the ________. Ecumene 132. What are the four types of land that lie outside the ecumene? 1. dry lands 2. wet lands 3. cold lands 4. high lands 133. Explain why today's more developed societies moved from Stage 1 to Stage 2 of the demographic transition. new technology that increased the permanent food supply and controlled diseases 134. Explain why today's more developed societies moved in the past from Stage 2 to Stage 3 of the demographic transition people chose to have fewer children; urbanization 135. Explain why some of today's more developed societies have recently moved from Stage 3 to Stage 4 of the demographic transition women entering the labor force; lifestyle; diffusion of birth control techniques; education 136. Explain why today's less developed societies moved from Stage 1 to Stage 2 of the demographic transition. diffusion of medical technology from more developed countries 33 / 34 137. How do geographers define the concept of overpopulation? The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. 138. Explain the controversy about spatial analysis and the census. (Explanation Here) 139. Why does Mexico have a lower CDR than the United States and why does Vietnam have a lower CDR than Sweden? (State why) 140. Summarize the main stages of the demographic transition and the reasons why a society moves from one stage to another (Summarize here) 141. Compare the birth control policies in India and China. (Compere here) 142. Debate alternate solutions to the world population growth problem (Debate here) 34 / 34