#X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY Wavelength of x-ray is 0.01 to lonm Co.l 1008) to 1001 For analytical Purpose 0.07 to 0.27m (0.71024) is most usefur Incident x-rays Absorbed Ratration Simple from Excited State Cemitted Lodiation) → Fluorescence Ladration (Transmitted Radiation to calculate Aber orffracked Rendiation →Depends on Att present. Inorlent-Transmitted 23 Diffracted Radiation (1) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD): → these methods are based on the scattering of X-Rays by Crystals. By Using these method, Analyst Can easily identified the Crystal Structure of any said compound (sample) with high degree of specifiery & accuracy. → XRD is extremely important method as compared to other X-ray spectroscopy. (1)X-Ray Absorption: this is similar to absorption methods in ather Regions of Electromagnetie spectra lite UV visible / IR spectroscopy er. → It gives information about the absorbing material. In this method a beam of x-ray is pas through the sample and the fraction of x-kay phatons absorbed is considered to be a measure of concn of the sample. → this method is leard used as compared to other X-ray methods. → It is used only to delect imperpaction in the intermal stucture, elemental analysis, thickness measurement et. (11) X-Ray Fluorescence (Emission): In this method, x-Rays are generated within the sermysle and by measuring the wavelength and intensity of the gewrated x-rays, analyst can perform qualitative as well of quanthabahre analysy. All x-ray spectroxopic methods are Non-Destructing the Striking e interact with the st strong clectic field of the atomic nurtes Consituting the anode material, which results deceleration of the Striking e and release of energy in the form of x-mys- I due to deceleration er will loose its kinetic energy, which will ( radiote photons and responsible for the production of x-lays the process by which Photons are emitted by Bremss tradideng an is known as Spem = Decleration Stralang = kadiation Initial Energy of striking e" =E; (outenep), Energy for x-rays (Protons) = Exray Final energy of e" after deceleration = Ef = Ei-Exray E = E + Exray Sue to heary mars of nucleus as compared to e, nucleus will absorb very lens energy in order to conserve linear momentum. - 4. → of all initial kivetre energy E, will convert into x-rays, then ( velocity of the p- becomes o ef=0 Ei = Exray High velocity electron siihen ganode. Then A will go to Mos Nucleus cy that Target Maknal. In that Target Matemel proces & Neaters will present, That will produce high electre field So does to that hugh electu fell Velocity of that elechen is dem theen velocity of elfchen all the form of Koray! * In this condition it will give the x-rays of highert energy. or lowest wavelength.