Quiz 2- Basic Pharmacology terms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Adverse effect – An unexpected, unintended, and more severe or harmful effect than a side effect. Allergic reaction – A reaction that occurs when a patient’s body reacts to a medication as a foreign invader to be destroyed. Bradycardia – A pulse that is less than 60 bpm. Bradypnea – A respiratory rate below 12 respirations per min. Deep vein thrombosis – Blood clots in the lower leg. Desired effect – The reason a medication is prescribed or the purpose for which it is given. Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing. Dyspnea – Labored or difficult breathing Drug-drug interaction – The interaction bt/w two drugs that cause a change in the activity or components of one or more of the drugs. Some drug reactions may even produce a product that is totally unsafe to administer. Buccal route – A medication administration route in which med. are given between the cheek and the gum. Elixir – A type of liquid medication that contains sweeteners or flavorings. It may also contain water and alcohol and is generally clear in appearance, although some may contain colorings. Conscious sedation – A type of sedation in which a patient is asleep but not totally unconscious. Hallucination – A false perception that has no relation to reality; an individual may believe that they see, hear, or smell something that is not really present. Hematoma – A bruise Ischemia – Reduced blood flow to an area. Melena – Small amounts of blood that come from higher in the digestive tract, such as the stomach, that have been partially digested and that have a distinctive “old blood” odor and a black, tarry appearance. Myocardial infarction – Heart attack. Nebulizer – A medication delivery system that contains an air compressor and a mask or handheld mouthpiece. Nocturia – Waking often during the night to urinate. Orthopnea – A condition in which an individual finds it too hard to breathe unless they are positioned in an upright position, such as sitting or standing. Orthostatic hypotension - Also known as postural hypotension, this is a decrease in blood pressure that occurs when a patient changes from a reclining or flat position to an upright position, such as sitting or standing; it is common after a person has been restricted to bedrest. Pallor – Paleness of skin. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Petechiae – Pinpoint areas of hemorrhage. paresthesia – Numbness or decreased sensation. Lethargic – Describes Drowsiness or mental sluggishness. Toxicity – A state of having too much of a medication in the body. Syncope - Fainting Syrup – A type of liquid medication that consists of a concentrated aqueous preparation of sugars, with or without flavoring agents, and medicinal substances. Sustained release - Also called controlled-release, delayed-release, extendedrelease, or modified-release tablets, this is a type of tablet designed to slow absorption of the drug. This type of medication is absorbed slowly over time for a continuous effect. Parenteral route - A medication route in which medicine is given beneath the skin. It includes all injections, such as intradermal (between the layers of the skin), subcutaneous (beneath the skin), intramuscular (within muscle layers), and intravenous (into the vein). Side effect – An unintended, but not always unexpected, outcome of taking a medication. Sublingual route – A medication administration route in which medication are given under the tongue. Suspension - A type of liquid medication that contains fine particles of medication mixed with, but not dissolved in, a liquid. When the mixture sits, the particles will drift to the bottom of the liquid. Tachycardia – A Pulse that is greater than 100 bpm. Tachypnea – A respiratory rate that exceeds 20 respirations per min. Therapeutic level – The amount of medication in the blood that it takes to reach the desired effects on the target organ or organs. Hypoglycemia – An abnormally low blood glucose level. hyperglycemia – An abnormally elevated blood glucose level.